주체철학에서 주체종교로 - 에큐메니안
주체철학에서 주체종교로8.15 가장 극적인 북의 국립현충원 방문, 이를 어떻게 이해해야 할 것인가?
조헌정 | 승인 2005.08.24 00:00
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8.15 60돌을 맞아 북의 대표단이 남쪽을 찾았다. 여러 사람을 만나고 여러 곳을 방문하였지만, 가장 극적인 방문은 국립현충원 방문이었다. 이를 어떻게 이해해야 할 것인가?
열흘 전 우리는 남북민족사에 중요하고도 획기적인 사건으로 기억될 몇 가지의 사건을 보았다. 8.15 광복 60돌을 맞아 김기남 노동당 비서를 비롯한 북측 대표단이 국회의사당을 방문하여 국회의원들과 얘기를 나누고 청와대를 방문하여 노대통령과 오찬을 나누는 등 평화통일을 향한 디딤돌을 놓았다. 그중에서도 가장 극적인 일은 국립 현충원을 방문하고 묵념을 행한 일이었다.
그곳은 어떤 곳인가? 바로 자신들의 동료와 가족들이었던 공산군을 죽였던 남쪽 군인들의 영령들이 묻혀있는 곧 적들의 무덤이었다.
▲ 자주평화통일을 위한 8·15민족대축전에 참가하기 위해 14일 오전 서울에 도착한 북측대표단 30명이 오후 3시경 서울 동작동 국립현충원을 방문해 분단이후 최초로 참배했다.
많은 남쪽 주민들은 과거의 상처와 이념으로 인해 북쪽 대표단의 현충원 방문을 정치적인 쇼로 치부하려고 하고 있다. 그러나 그렇게 간단하게 치부할 문제가 아니다. 왜냐하면 반대 입장에서 남측 대표단이 북의 묘지인 혁명열사능 방문하는 일이 그렇게 단순한 정치적인 쇼였다면 진작 방문했을 것이다.
자신의 과오를 인정하는 행위로 보일수 있는...북은 이런 오해도 무릅쓰고
정치적인 쇼나 제스처로 해석하기에는 너무나 엄청난 위험이 딸려 있다. 일반적으로 적의 무덤에 가서 묵념을 한다고 하는 것은 자신의 과거의 과오를 인정하고 용서를 비는 행위로 보여지기 때문이다. 자신에게는 패배감을 상대방에게는 승리감을 안겨주는 행위가 되기 때문이다. 그러나 북측은 이러한 오해를 무릎쓰고 국립 현충원을 찾아가서 묵념을 행했다.
또 우리가 이를 단순한 정치적 쇼로 간단히 치부할 수 없는 이유는 만약 북의 대표단이 현충원을 방문하지 않았다고 해서 이번 방문에서 손해 볼 것은 하나도 없었다는 사실이다. 따라서 북쪽 주민들로부터는 공격을 받고 남쪽 주민들로부터는 쓸데없는 오해를 불러 일으킬 일을 구태여 할 이유는 없었던 것이다. 물론, 이것이 이후 남측 대표단이 북을 방문했을 때에 김일성주석의 유해가 담겨 있는 만수대궁전을 방문하도록 만들려는 포석이 있다고 하지만, 현재 남측의 국민정서를 잘 알고 있는 북이 이를 끝까지 물고 늘어지지는 않으리라고 본다.
이후 설명하겠지만, 내가 알기로 김일성주석의 유해가 유리관에 보관되어 있는 만수대 궁전은 일종의 성지화가 되어 있는 곳이다. 북의 주민이라고 해서 누구에게나 마음대로 방문할 수 있도록 개방되어 있지는 않다. 따라서 반감 내지 적의를 갖고 있는 남측 사람들을 억지로 방문하게 하여 묵념을 하도록 하지는 않을 것이라고 본다. (앞으로 두고 보면 알 일이다.)
난 이번 현충원 묵념은 정치적 사건이 아니라 종교적 사건으로 이해하는 것이 북을 이해하는데 보다 본질적인 접근이라고 본다.
현충원 묵념은 정치적 사건 아니라 종교적 사건으로 이해해본다
지난 8.15 향린교회에서 행한 '기독교와 주체사상'이라는 제목의 통일강연회에서 북을 여러차례 방문하고 기독교와 주체사상으로 박사논문을 쓰고 현재는 심슨대 종교학과 교수로 있는 신은희교수는 북의 주체철학을 하나의 종교적인 관점에서 이해해야 한다는 주장을 하였다. 난 이전부터 같은 생각을 품고 있었다. (신은희교수의 논문을 보려면 향린교회 게시판 www.hyanglin.org 에 들어가보면 된다.)
평양을 방문하면 어렵지 않게 볼 수 있는 구호에 이런 것이 있다. '김일성주석은 우리와 영원히 함께 하신다.' '김정일장군은 천년동안 다스리신다.' 이전의 전투적인 구호는 많이 사라지고 대신 이런 구호들이 많다. 물론 이점에서 우리는 김일성부자체제의 우상화라고 비판한다. 그런데 이렇게 단순히 비판한다고 해서 문제가 해결되는 것이 아니라는 점 때문에 우리의 관심은 계속되어지는 것이다. 신은희교수나 내가 주체종교라고 말하는 것은 이것이 완전한 종교로 만들어졌다는 의미가 아니라 유사종교 혹은 종교의 초기화 단계에 있다고 보는 것이다.
물론 우리는 북의 주체교가 정권의 시녀역할을 하고 있다고 비판한다. 그러나 불교나 기독교 또한 과거 역사를 보면, 고려시대의 불교나 중세유럽에서의 기독교는 모두 호국종교로서의 정권의 시녀역할을 했던 것을 기억하고 있다. 7,80년대의 보수기독교인들의 정권유착 또한 같은 맥락에서 이해할 수 있다.
물론, 한 종교가 종교로서의 생명력을 가지려면 우선은 정권과는 상호비판적인 상관관계를 유지해야 한다. 이점에서 북은 아직 주체종교로서 나아가기 위해서는 근본적인 걸림돌이 있다. 그러나 현재 북의 주체사상 속에 어버이 수령론, 영생과 부활, 천년왕국이 버젓이 선포되고 있는 마당에 이를 하나의 사회주의 사상으로만 여기는 것은 너무나 시대착오적인 것이다.
우리가 아는대로 북은 지금까지 사회주의 혁명통일을 주창하여 왔다. 그리고 여전히 이는 남측이 자본주의 체제를 통한 흡수통일을 기대하듯이 북도 마찬가지 입장일 따름이다. 다만 서로의 다른 기대 속에서 접근하고 있지만, 이제는 서로를 인정하지 않으면 안되는 국제적 정치구조 속에 놓여 있기에 우리는 북을 새롭게 이해해야 하는 것이다.
그리고 이러한 새로운 이해에 가장 극적인 예가 바로 국립현충원 방문인 것이다. 이는 어떻게 설명하든지 화해와 용서라는 종교적 사건이다. 이번 사건이 정치인들에게 있어서는 어떻게 이해될는지는 몰라도 나 종교인에게 있어서는 엄청난 변화를 말해주고 있다고 본다. 지금 북은 엄청난 변화를 꾀하고 있다. 문제는 남이 이런 변화의 속도를 따라가지 못하다는 것이다.
북은 엄청난 변화를 꾀하고 있다. 문제는 남이 그 속도를 따라가지 못하는 것
사실, 남에는 사랑과 용서를 주요 교리로 하는 기독교와 가톨릭 신도가 천만명이요 자비를 생명으로 하는 불교도가 천만을 훨씬 넘는다. 남한 인구의 반 이상이 종교인이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 남쪽은 생각도 하지 못하고 있는데, 북은 정부 차원에서 용서와 화해를 실천하고 있다. 적의 무덤에 가서 묵념하는 것 이상으로 용서와 화해를 위한 더 이상의 상징적 행동이 있는가?
이에 비하면 남은 아직도 제자리 걸음이다. 아직도 남의 국가보안법은 북을 주적으로 규정하고 있고, 말 한마디 글 한마디에 국가전복이라는 이름으로 감옥에 가두려고 하고 있다. 강정구교수의 625는 통일전쟁이라는 학문적 평가는 오래전부터 있어온 얘기이지 새삼스런 얘기가 아니다. 그러나 보수단체들의 압력에 밀려 또 다시 구속하려고 하고 있지 않는가?
도대체 우리나라를 무력으로 침공하여 선량한 백성들을 수없이 죽인 일본 중국 미국 러시아를 찬양하면 아무렇지도 않은데 자기의 형제나라인 북에 대해 있는 그대로 사실을 전달해도 감옥에 넣는 우스꽝스러운 현실을 보라.
백가지가 다 좋은 나라도 없고 백가지가 다 나쁜 나라도 없다. 좋은 건 좋다하고 나쁜 것은 나쁘다고 해야 하지 않을까? 그러나 지금의 국가보안법은 좋은 걸 좋다하면 빨갱이라고 하여 북한고무찬양죄에 걸려 드는 것이다.
▲ 조헌정 목사
결론으로 북 대표단의 국립현충원 방문은 남으로서는 한방 먹은 셈이다. 누가 형이고 누가 아우인지? 아니면 누가 더 새로움을 향한 하나된 민족을 향하여 열려진 체제인지를 말해주는 사건이었다. 그리고 이는 북의 주체철학이 하나의 종교로 변화되어가는 과정을 보여주는 사건이다.
따라서 우리 민족의 하나됨을 바라는 우리 기독교인들은 앞으로 기독교와 주체철학/종교와의 대화를 보다 새로운 차원에서 접근해야 할 것이다.
조헌정 choshalom@yahoo.co.kr
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
1812 Christians in North and South Korea
Christen in Nord- und Südkorea - Nein und Amen
No and Amen 26.12.2018
Christians in North and South Korea No and Amen
In South Korea, the churches are flourishing, North Korea is officially governed by religious freedom, but religious communities are constantly under surveillance. Colorful prayer ribbons are stitched to the border fence from the South Korean side. The wishes: reunification and disarmament.
By Corinna MühlstedtA sign on the inner Korean border shows the distance to the two capitals Seoul and Pyongyang. (PA / dpa / Daniel Kalker)
"We Christians in North and South Korea yearn for peace and unity. We ask the churches around the world for support so that we can shake off the chains of the Cold War that still hold us captive. "(Lee Hong Jung)
"Dialogue at eye level, political, seems to me the only way to reach peace. I learned that myself in North Korea: When the partners sat opposite me, the doors were open. "(Notker Wolf)
The most important thing for Korea is now to seize the opportunity for peace and dismantle enemy images - on both sides. When we meet each other, we will find that the others are also people and often even Christians. (Peter Prove)
Experiences of three Korea experts: the representative of the Korean Council of Churches, Lee Hong Jung, the Benedictine abbot, Notker Wolf, and the Director of International Affairs of the World Council of Churches, Peter Prove.
More than half a century ago, the Korean War ended with a ceasefire without a peace treaty.
Since then, the Korean Peninsula has been divided into: the Communist People's Republic of North Korea and the US-backed Republic of South Korea. In both parts of the country huge weapons arsenals are stored.
Nuclear Test Site Punggye-ri in Northeastern North Korea (Uncredited / APTN / AP / dpa)
As tensions between North Korea and the US escalate in the summer of 2017, the nightmare of a nuclear war threatens to come true. In August news channel N-TV announces:
"The US Department of Defense and President Trump vigorously warn North Korea of all activities that could lead to the end of the regime and the destruction of its people ..."
South Korea's politicians stand between all chairs at this time. But the churches in the country are appealing to the approximately 15 million Christians in Korea and call the government to account:
One of Korea's most popular folk songs, "Arirang", is heard at light demonstrations and ecumenical prayer vigils in the South Korean capital Seoul. It formulates the yearning of the people for reconciliation and unity. On leaflets stands:
"The world must listen to the Korean people: we are determined against a new war on our peninsula."
"As Korean Christians, we feel a historic responsibility to overcome the division of our country and create a nuclear weapon-free zone. May churches around the world help us to make the voice of peace heard! "
In South Korea, about one third of the population professes a Christian church, just under 20 percent are Buddhists. There are also countless smaller religious communities. The majority of Koreans follow the philosophy of Confucianism.
Solidarity of the Pope
In their anti-war protests, Korea's Christians receive immediate support from other faith communities and, not least, from international church organizations:
From Rome, Pope Francis assures the Koreans of his solidarity during an interreligious dialogue meeting with the "Korean Council of Religious Leaders" in September.
"I keep praying that God give peace and reconciliation to Korea. May the consciousness of our friendship strengthen us, to go forward together. "
And the secretary-general of the World Council of Churches in Geneva, Olav Fykse Tveith, explains in an open letter:
"In view of the dangerous situation on the Korean Peninsula, we urge the international community to seek peaceful solutions. And we rely on the power of the churches to promote dialogue. "
In April 2018, what seemed impossible before happened: North Korean ruler Kim Jong Un and South Korean president Moon Jae In meet at the inter-Korean border, in Panmunjom, and sign a historic statement:
"We announce to 80 million Koreans and around the world that there will be no war on the Korean Peninsula and a new era of peace will begin. We shared the resolve to quickly end the split in Korea and the Cold War relic. We are determined tousher ina new era of national reconciliation, peace and prosperity. "South Korean President Moon Jae In (r.) Welcomes North Korean leader Kim Jong Un on the border in Panmunjeom on 27.4.2018. (MAXPPP / Kyodo / dpa)
Two months later, the first spectacular encounter between Kim Jong Un and US President Donald Trump will take place in Singapore. She is also doing well. Peter Prove sums up on the part of the World Council of Churches:
"These political summits of Panmunjom and Singapore we experienced like miracles. The statements that have been passed reflect many steps that the churches have been encouraging for decades. It has finally become clear that dialogues continue as conflicts. "
A look at the history of Korea shows the importance of Christianity in the Confucian-influenced "land of the morning silence": The Catholic Church reached Korea in the 18th century from China. In the 19th century, evangelical missionaries from the United States settled there.
Brutal persecution
Soon after, German missionary Benedictines from Santa Ottilie founded monasteries in Korea. Abbot Notker Wolf remembers:
"In 1909 the first of us Ottilians drove to Seoul, the first seminary in Seoul was built by us, and a crafts school was started. But then came the big surprise: the Japanese occupied Korea in 1910 and forbade us from continuing to run schools ... "
Notker Wolf at the congress filmtonart Film Music Day at the beginning of the 32th Munich Film Festival (imago / D. Bedrosian)
Faced with the threat of the Japanese military, the missionaries retreated to the remote north of the country - today's North Korea - and built new communities there.
But the invasion of Soviet troops and the outbreak of the Korean War finally brought their work to an abrupt end there, according to today's Presbyter of the Missionary Benedictines, Jeremias Schröder:
"From 1949 to 1952, the new Communist rulers brutally persecuted our confreres and the sisters who worked with us. There have been 38 deaths, partly because of hardship in prison, partly because of executions, partly in a separate concentration camp. "
The fate of the Benedictines corresponds to that of most Christians in North Korea: many were killed, others were lost, some managed to escape to the south.
The Korean War was not least an ideological conflict between the communist regimes of Asia and the United States. He claimed about 4 million victims nationwide. In 1953 he ended with a truce and the division of Korea along the 38th parallel. A peace treaty does not exist until today.
The communities are growing
Reconstruction in the devastated country took a long time. Until the 1980s, South Korea was struggling with dictatorships. Then the young democracy took root and experienced an economic miracle. Skyscrapers with colorful neon signs shot up like mushrooms, as well as churches of all denominations. Notker Wolf summarizes:
"The Church of South Korea flourished very quickly and became very strong, especially because during the time of the dictatorship it was very much on the side of the persecuted and repeatedly pointed to human rights. The church has tremendous credibility in South Korea and that's what makes it so appealing. "
This applies equally to Protestant and Catholic communities. One third of the approximately 50 million South Koreans are Christians today. The scandals of the Catholic Church, such as sexual abuse of children and priestly cover-up, are not an issue in Korea.
Some monasteries of the Benedictines count hundreds of religious, reports Jeremias Schröder:
"If you travel to Korea today, then you will find a truly thriving Christianity, which is lived with great fervor, in a very convincing form. And there is also very strong awareness of your own mission history: Christianity is a gift, and it is also an assignment. "
Bastion of communism
Unlike South Korea, North Korea, which has only about 20 million inhabitants, has hermetically shielded itself from the outside world for decades. The country is considered the last bastion of radical communism.
From South Korea, pilgrims regularly visit the demilitarization zone, which separates them from the communist north. Colorful ribbons with prayers are stapled to the border fence. They express the hope of the Koreans for a reunion. The Secretary-General of the South Korean Christian Council, Rev. Kim Young Ju, recalls:
"After the Korean War, any encounter between North and South Koreans was strictly prohibited. It was not until the 80s that the ice between our two states was gradually broken. This is due not least to the international commitment of the World Council of Churches in Geneva. In 1986, he first facilitated a meeting between Christians from North and South Korea in Switzerland. At that time, we finally started talking and praying again. It was an incredible experience for us all and awoke the longing for a reunion. "
North Korea is officially governed by religious freedom, but religious communities are only allowed to operate under the strictest state control. On behalf of the World Council of Churches, Peter Prove traveled several times with delegations and gained a differentiated picture:
"In North Korea, there is a so-called" Christian Association ", to which we have regular contact. It is small and comprises about 12-15000 Christians of different denominations. This Christian Association was founded in the 1980s by the family of the mother of dictator Kim Il Sung - a deeply religious woman. The leaders of the association can still rely on the support of a part of this family. This gives them support and even political significance. "
Everything under control
Dictator Kim Il Sung, who died in 1994, gave North Korea its current identity and is deeply revered throughout the country. The current ruler, Kim Jong Un, is his grandson. The situation of the Christians in North Korea is by no means hopeless against this background, explains Peter Prove:
"I have often been confronted with the assertion that all Christians in North Korea are persecuted to this day. That's definitely not true. According to our observation, there are problems with the regime for Christians only when they become missionary outside of the controlled areas. "
Last but not least, says Peter Prove, he visited a small Protestant seminary in North Korea's capital, Pyongyang, and found that it provided a simple but solid theological education. However, the Catholic Church does not have a training center throughout the country and is thus in a much more difficult situation:
"We also have contact with an official" Association of Catholic Christians "in North Korea, but it is tiny and has only a few hundred members. In addition, there seems to be no ordained priest nationwide. But the situation is not hopeless here. As a World Council of Churches, we have an exchange with Catholic interlocutors around the globe and help as much as possible. "
In North Korea, the people have been suffering from a famine for years. It is the result of the mismanagement of the communist regime and the economic embargo with which Western countries want to prevent the North Korean state from expanding its nuclear program.
Connections to Taizé
Help for the suffering population often comes from international church institutions such as Caritas or Diakonie. A group from the Taizé Ecumenical Community recently visited humanitarian projects in North Korea.
"It was impressive to see how isolated the country is, how isolated people are and how grateful they are for contacts",
reports Brother Alois. The situation, according to the Prior of Taizé, shook him. The main concern today is for the international community "to be given a greater awareness of this difficult and bad situation of separation, that there is still no peace treaty, that people on both sides - North Koreans, too, let us be very clear - agree Reunification hope and that does not progress. "
The international confederation of Benedictines built a 100-bed hospital a few years ago under the leadership of Notker Wolf in a North Korean free-trade zone. The South Korean Benedictines promote the clinic to this day, says Jeremias Schröder:
"We visit this hospital relatively regularly, deliver medication there and support the development and development. We see this as a bridge. We do not rule out that there might be Catholic Christians in isolated, remote places in the underground, but we have no contact with them at first. "
Submissive gesture of a mayor
After all, Notker Wolf was pleased during his last visit to North Korea on the unexpected gesture of a politician:
"The mayor gave us a dinner. At first he said at the table: "Please do not forget to pray." - We also prayed. And then he told us that he was in Rome. And this gentleman told us: you do not believe how much we appreciate it, that you are coming right now because all the world is against us. And you from the Catholic Church, you come to us now and help us. "
Notker Wolf considers that a drastic economic boycott of North Korea is wrong: Political feuds should not be fought on the backs of the people, but most importantly, one must respect each nation's fear for its identity:
"North Korea wants to be independent, wants to be fully recognized, like every nation. And they think they can do that only by producing nuclear weapons. I was told by government officials in 2006, "Had Saddam Hussein really had the atomic bomb, he would not have been attacked by the Americans." - They are almost paranoid about the Americans, about an attack. If we give them identity and give them, I am convinced that we will find a more peaceful way. "
Interests of Russia, China and the USA
South Korean Christians are convinced that peace between the two parts of the country has not only failed due to the attitude of communist ideologues. He was and is also the massive political interests of Russia, China and the US in the way, says the South Korean Christian Council in a publication:
"The US 2001 attacks on Afghanistan and 2003 on Iraq were understood in North Korea as warnings that something similar might happen to their own country. Since then, many Koreans have been worried that Korea's civilization may be threatened or even wiped out by a new war. "
Because they know: The international arms industry is making enormous sums of money for the nuclear upgrading of the Korean Peninsula. The Secretary-General of South Korean Christian Council Kim Young Ju therefore emphasizes:
"We Christians in North and South Korea today agree: we want to put an end to the rule of violence and weapons on our peninsula and to build ways in which we find each other peacefully."
An icon for the dictator
The political summits in Panmunjom and Singapore opened doors to such paths in 2018, says Peter Prove:
"These meetings have created a whole new atmosphere. They express many of the demands that we Christians have been advocating for years, but which seemed utopian for a long time. These include the desire to sign as quickly as possible a peace treaty between the two parts of Korea in order to end the state of war that has existed since 1950. Such a contract would create trust and a basis for solving further problems. "
In addition, it would be necessary to mitigate the sanctions against North Korea and not only to dismantle the nuclear arsenals there, but also in South Korea, indeed worldwide, explains Peter Prove. For those who demand security for themselves must grant them to others.
"With an ecumenical delegation from the World Council of Churches in the early summer of 2018, we once again visited both parts of Korea. In South Korea, government officials thanked us and said that President Moon Jae In felt strongly encouraged by the commitment of the churches. Shortly afterwards, we had a similar conversation with our interlocutors in North Korea, in which politicians expressly acknowledged our commitment to peace. "
For this reason, as usual in Asia, gifts were exchanged with the conversation partners, says Peter Prove, and an equally surprising and symbolic gesture is experienced:
"We brought to the North Korean ruler Kim Jong Un an Orthodox icon that shows Christ as the" Prince of Peace ". We had to declare that it is a spiritual representation that motivates us as Christians to work for peace in the world. And this icon was gladly accepted as a gift for Kim Jong Un. "
Footprint of peace
In June 2018, a mixed delegation of North and South Korean Christians traveled to Geneva for the World Council of Churches to celebrate its 70th anniversary with guests from all over the world. The head of the North Korean delegate Myong Chol Kang once again thanked the ecumenical movement on this occasion:
"You've done a lot to make peace on the Korean peninsula a reality. The whole world welcomes this new era in the face of the immense dangers that threatened us just a few months ago. Now everything depends on how we implement the statements of Panmunjom and Singapore. We continue to ask for your support! "
Young participants of Asian Youth Day in South Korea take a "selfie" with the Pope. (AFP / Osservatore Romano)
Pope Francis visited at the same time the World Council of Churches and came with the guests from Korea into the conversation. Four months later, South Korean President Moon Jae In traveled to Rome and delivered a message from North Korea to the Pope. Secretary of State Pietro Parolin said shortly afterwards on the Vatican Radio:
"The president of South Korea has informed the pope of the interest of North Korean leader Kim Yong Ju to receive him in Pyongyang. And Pope Francis has confirmed his readiness for such a visit. Now we have to wait and see how the whole thing can be formally shaped. Because a journey of this kind requires extremely thorough planning. "
Archabbot Jeremiah has recently talked with representatives of the Catholic Church in Korea about the subject.
"Our Korean confreres are deeply involved in the efforts of the Episcopal Conference there to achieve reconciliation with the North. And so it is great joy now that so much movement has come into the subject. There is great euphoria in the country. But within the Church of South Korea, it is also clear that such a visit must be prepared very seriously. "
Is Francis traveling to North Korea?
It was important to weigh security issues and political concerns of all kinds, according to the Benedictine. But one thing is certain: the desire of a communist dictator whose regime once murdered thousands of Christians to receive the Pope was a small sensation and a chance for peace.
"If Pope Francis succeeds in traveling to North Korea, it will of course open doors. From the pope's point of view, it is clearly a message of peace, of reconciliation in this divided peninsula. And the hope we have is that such a visit can also set the life of the Church in North Korea free again. Our Korean confreres would be thrilled if there was a chance to start working there again. "
Christians in North and South Korea No and Amen
In South Korea, the churches are flourishing, North Korea is officially governed by religious freedom, but religious communities are constantly under surveillance. Colorful prayer ribbons are stitched to the border fence from the South Korean side. The wishes: reunification and disarmament.
By Corinna MühlstedtA sign on the inner Korean border shows the distance to the two capitals Seoul and Pyongyang. (PA / dpa / Daniel Kalker)
"We Christians in North and South Korea yearn for peace and unity. We ask the churches around the world for support so that we can shake off the chains of the Cold War that still hold us captive. "(Lee Hong Jung)
"Dialogue at eye level, political, seems to me the only way to reach peace. I learned that myself in North Korea: When the partners sat opposite me, the doors were open. "(Notker Wolf)
The most important thing for Korea is now to seize the opportunity for peace and dismantle enemy images - on both sides. When we meet each other, we will find that the others are also people and often even Christians. (Peter Prove)
Experiences of three Korea experts: the representative of the Korean Council of Churches, Lee Hong Jung, the Benedictine abbot, Notker Wolf, and the Director of International Affairs of the World Council of Churches, Peter Prove.
More than half a century ago, the Korean War ended with a ceasefire without a peace treaty.
Since then, the Korean Peninsula has been divided into: the Communist People's Republic of North Korea and the US-backed Republic of South Korea. In both parts of the country huge weapons arsenals are stored.
Nuclear Test Site Punggye-ri in Northeastern North Korea (Uncredited / APTN / AP / dpa)
As tensions between North Korea and the US escalate in the summer of 2017, the nightmare of a nuclear war threatens to come true. In August news channel N-TV announces:
"The US Department of Defense and President Trump vigorously warn North Korea of all activities that could lead to the end of the regime and the destruction of its people ..."
South Korea's politicians stand between all chairs at this time. But the churches in the country are appealing to the approximately 15 million Christians in Korea and call the government to account:
One of Korea's most popular folk songs, "Arirang", is heard at light demonstrations and ecumenical prayer vigils in the South Korean capital Seoul. It formulates the yearning of the people for reconciliation and unity. On leaflets stands:
"The world must listen to the Korean people: we are determined against a new war on our peninsula."
"As Korean Christians, we feel a historic responsibility to overcome the division of our country and create a nuclear weapon-free zone. May churches around the world help us to make the voice of peace heard! "
In South Korea, about one third of the population professes a Christian church, just under 20 percent are Buddhists. There are also countless smaller religious communities. The majority of Koreans follow the philosophy of Confucianism.
Solidarity of the Pope
In their anti-war protests, Korea's Christians receive immediate support from other faith communities and, not least, from international church organizations:
From Rome, Pope Francis assures the Koreans of his solidarity during an interreligious dialogue meeting with the "Korean Council of Religious Leaders" in September.
"I keep praying that God give peace and reconciliation to Korea. May the consciousness of our friendship strengthen us, to go forward together. "
And the secretary-general of the World Council of Churches in Geneva, Olav Fykse Tveith, explains in an open letter:
"In view of the dangerous situation on the Korean Peninsula, we urge the international community to seek peaceful solutions. And we rely on the power of the churches to promote dialogue. "
In April 2018, what seemed impossible before happened: North Korean ruler Kim Jong Un and South Korean president Moon Jae In meet at the inter-Korean border, in Panmunjom, and sign a historic statement:
"We announce to 80 million Koreans and around the world that there will be no war on the Korean Peninsula and a new era of peace will begin. We shared the resolve to quickly end the split in Korea and the Cold War relic. We are determined tousher ina new era of national reconciliation, peace and prosperity. "South Korean President Moon Jae In (r.) Welcomes North Korean leader Kim Jong Un on the border in Panmunjeom on 27.4.2018. (MAXPPP / Kyodo / dpa)
Two months later, the first spectacular encounter between Kim Jong Un and US President Donald Trump will take place in Singapore. She is also doing well. Peter Prove sums up on the part of the World Council of Churches:
"These political summits of Panmunjom and Singapore we experienced like miracles. The statements that have been passed reflect many steps that the churches have been encouraging for decades. It has finally become clear that dialogues continue as conflicts. "
A look at the history of Korea shows the importance of Christianity in the Confucian-influenced "land of the morning silence": The Catholic Church reached Korea in the 18th century from China. In the 19th century, evangelical missionaries from the United States settled there.
Brutal persecution
Soon after, German missionary Benedictines from Santa Ottilie founded monasteries in Korea. Abbot Notker Wolf remembers:
"In 1909 the first of us Ottilians drove to Seoul, the first seminary in Seoul was built by us, and a crafts school was started. But then came the big surprise: the Japanese occupied Korea in 1910 and forbade us from continuing to run schools ... "
Notker Wolf at the congress filmtonart Film Music Day at the beginning of the 32th Munich Film Festival (imago / D. Bedrosian)
Faced with the threat of the Japanese military, the missionaries retreated to the remote north of the country - today's North Korea - and built new communities there.
But the invasion of Soviet troops and the outbreak of the Korean War finally brought their work to an abrupt end there, according to today's Presbyter of the Missionary Benedictines, Jeremias Schröder:
"From 1949 to 1952, the new Communist rulers brutally persecuted our confreres and the sisters who worked with us. There have been 38 deaths, partly because of hardship in prison, partly because of executions, partly in a separate concentration camp. "
The fate of the Benedictines corresponds to that of most Christians in North Korea: many were killed, others were lost, some managed to escape to the south.
The Korean War was not least an ideological conflict between the communist regimes of Asia and the United States. He claimed about 4 million victims nationwide. In 1953 he ended with a truce and the division of Korea along the 38th parallel. A peace treaty does not exist until today.
The communities are growing
Reconstruction in the devastated country took a long time. Until the 1980s, South Korea was struggling with dictatorships. Then the young democracy took root and experienced an economic miracle. Skyscrapers with colorful neon signs shot up like mushrooms, as well as churches of all denominations. Notker Wolf summarizes:
"The Church of South Korea flourished very quickly and became very strong, especially because during the time of the dictatorship it was very much on the side of the persecuted and repeatedly pointed to human rights. The church has tremendous credibility in South Korea and that's what makes it so appealing. "
This applies equally to Protestant and Catholic communities. One third of the approximately 50 million South Koreans are Christians today. The scandals of the Catholic Church, such as sexual abuse of children and priestly cover-up, are not an issue in Korea.
Some monasteries of the Benedictines count hundreds of religious, reports Jeremias Schröder:
"If you travel to Korea today, then you will find a truly thriving Christianity, which is lived with great fervor, in a very convincing form. And there is also very strong awareness of your own mission history: Christianity is a gift, and it is also an assignment. "
Bastion of communism
Unlike South Korea, North Korea, which has only about 20 million inhabitants, has hermetically shielded itself from the outside world for decades. The country is considered the last bastion of radical communism.
From South Korea, pilgrims regularly visit the demilitarization zone, which separates them from the communist north. Colorful ribbons with prayers are stapled to the border fence. They express the hope of the Koreans for a reunion. The Secretary-General of the South Korean Christian Council, Rev. Kim Young Ju, recalls:
"After the Korean War, any encounter between North and South Koreans was strictly prohibited. It was not until the 80s that the ice between our two states was gradually broken. This is due not least to the international commitment of the World Council of Churches in Geneva. In 1986, he first facilitated a meeting between Christians from North and South Korea in Switzerland. At that time, we finally started talking and praying again. It was an incredible experience for us all and awoke the longing for a reunion. "
North Korea is officially governed by religious freedom, but religious communities are only allowed to operate under the strictest state control. On behalf of the World Council of Churches, Peter Prove traveled several times with delegations and gained a differentiated picture:
"In North Korea, there is a so-called" Christian Association ", to which we have regular contact. It is small and comprises about 12-15000 Christians of different denominations. This Christian Association was founded in the 1980s by the family of the mother of dictator Kim Il Sung - a deeply religious woman. The leaders of the association can still rely on the support of a part of this family. This gives them support and even political significance. "
Everything under control
Dictator Kim Il Sung, who died in 1994, gave North Korea its current identity and is deeply revered throughout the country. The current ruler, Kim Jong Un, is his grandson. The situation of the Christians in North Korea is by no means hopeless against this background, explains Peter Prove:
"I have often been confronted with the assertion that all Christians in North Korea are persecuted to this day. That's definitely not true. According to our observation, there are problems with the regime for Christians only when they become missionary outside of the controlled areas. "
Last but not least, says Peter Prove, he visited a small Protestant seminary in North Korea's capital, Pyongyang, and found that it provided a simple but solid theological education. However, the Catholic Church does not have a training center throughout the country and is thus in a much more difficult situation:
"We also have contact with an official" Association of Catholic Christians "in North Korea, but it is tiny and has only a few hundred members. In addition, there seems to be no ordained priest nationwide. But the situation is not hopeless here. As a World Council of Churches, we have an exchange with Catholic interlocutors around the globe and help as much as possible. "
In North Korea, the people have been suffering from a famine for years. It is the result of the mismanagement of the communist regime and the economic embargo with which Western countries want to prevent the North Korean state from expanding its nuclear program.
Connections to Taizé
Help for the suffering population often comes from international church institutions such as Caritas or Diakonie. A group from the Taizé Ecumenical Community recently visited humanitarian projects in North Korea.
"It was impressive to see how isolated the country is, how isolated people are and how grateful they are for contacts",
reports Brother Alois. The situation, according to the Prior of Taizé, shook him. The main concern today is for the international community "to be given a greater awareness of this difficult and bad situation of separation, that there is still no peace treaty, that people on both sides - North Koreans, too, let us be very clear - agree Reunification hope and that does not progress. "
The international confederation of Benedictines built a 100-bed hospital a few years ago under the leadership of Notker Wolf in a North Korean free-trade zone. The South Korean Benedictines promote the clinic to this day, says Jeremias Schröder:
"We visit this hospital relatively regularly, deliver medication there and support the development and development. We see this as a bridge. We do not rule out that there might be Catholic Christians in isolated, remote places in the underground, but we have no contact with them at first. "
Submissive gesture of a mayor
After all, Notker Wolf was pleased during his last visit to North Korea on the unexpected gesture of a politician:
"The mayor gave us a dinner. At first he said at the table: "Please do not forget to pray." - We also prayed. And then he told us that he was in Rome. And this gentleman told us: you do not believe how much we appreciate it, that you are coming right now because all the world is against us. And you from the Catholic Church, you come to us now and help us. "
Notker Wolf considers that a drastic economic boycott of North Korea is wrong: Political feuds should not be fought on the backs of the people, but most importantly, one must respect each nation's fear for its identity:
"North Korea wants to be independent, wants to be fully recognized, like every nation. And they think they can do that only by producing nuclear weapons. I was told by government officials in 2006, "Had Saddam Hussein really had the atomic bomb, he would not have been attacked by the Americans." - They are almost paranoid about the Americans, about an attack. If we give them identity and give them, I am convinced that we will find a more peaceful way. "
Interests of Russia, China and the USA
South Korean Christians are convinced that peace between the two parts of the country has not only failed due to the attitude of communist ideologues. He was and is also the massive political interests of Russia, China and the US in the way, says the South Korean Christian Council in a publication:
"The US 2001 attacks on Afghanistan and 2003 on Iraq were understood in North Korea as warnings that something similar might happen to their own country. Since then, many Koreans have been worried that Korea's civilization may be threatened or even wiped out by a new war. "
Because they know: The international arms industry is making enormous sums of money for the nuclear upgrading of the Korean Peninsula. The Secretary-General of South Korean Christian Council Kim Young Ju therefore emphasizes:
"We Christians in North and South Korea today agree: we want to put an end to the rule of violence and weapons on our peninsula and to build ways in which we find each other peacefully."
An icon for the dictator
The political summits in Panmunjom and Singapore opened doors to such paths in 2018, says Peter Prove:
"These meetings have created a whole new atmosphere. They express many of the demands that we Christians have been advocating for years, but which seemed utopian for a long time. These include the desire to sign as quickly as possible a peace treaty between the two parts of Korea in order to end the state of war that has existed since 1950. Such a contract would create trust and a basis for solving further problems. "
In addition, it would be necessary to mitigate the sanctions against North Korea and not only to dismantle the nuclear arsenals there, but also in South Korea, indeed worldwide, explains Peter Prove. For those who demand security for themselves must grant them to others.
"With an ecumenical delegation from the World Council of Churches in the early summer of 2018, we once again visited both parts of Korea. In South Korea, government officials thanked us and said that President Moon Jae In felt strongly encouraged by the commitment of the churches. Shortly afterwards, we had a similar conversation with our interlocutors in North Korea, in which politicians expressly acknowledged our commitment to peace. "
For this reason, as usual in Asia, gifts were exchanged with the conversation partners, says Peter Prove, and an equally surprising and symbolic gesture is experienced:
"We brought to the North Korean ruler Kim Jong Un an Orthodox icon that shows Christ as the" Prince of Peace ". We had to declare that it is a spiritual representation that motivates us as Christians to work for peace in the world. And this icon was gladly accepted as a gift for Kim Jong Un. "
Footprint of peace
In June 2018, a mixed delegation of North and South Korean Christians traveled to Geneva for the World Council of Churches to celebrate its 70th anniversary with guests from all over the world. The head of the North Korean delegate Myong Chol Kang once again thanked the ecumenical movement on this occasion:
"You've done a lot to make peace on the Korean peninsula a reality. The whole world welcomes this new era in the face of the immense dangers that threatened us just a few months ago. Now everything depends on how we implement the statements of Panmunjom and Singapore. We continue to ask for your support! "
Young participants of Asian Youth Day in South Korea take a "selfie" with the Pope. (AFP / Osservatore Romano)
Pope Francis visited at the same time the World Council of Churches and came with the guests from Korea into the conversation. Four months later, South Korean President Moon Jae In traveled to Rome and delivered a message from North Korea to the Pope. Secretary of State Pietro Parolin said shortly afterwards on the Vatican Radio:
"The president of South Korea has informed the pope of the interest of North Korean leader Kim Yong Ju to receive him in Pyongyang. And Pope Francis has confirmed his readiness for such a visit. Now we have to wait and see how the whole thing can be formally shaped. Because a journey of this kind requires extremely thorough planning. "
Archabbot Jeremiah has recently talked with representatives of the Catholic Church in Korea about the subject.
"Our Korean confreres are deeply involved in the efforts of the Episcopal Conference there to achieve reconciliation with the North. And so it is great joy now that so much movement has come into the subject. There is great euphoria in the country. But within the Church of South Korea, it is also clear that such a visit must be prepared very seriously. "
Is Francis traveling to North Korea?
It was important to weigh security issues and political concerns of all kinds, according to the Benedictine. But one thing is certain: the desire of a communist dictator whose regime once murdered thousands of Christians to receive the Pope was a small sensation and a chance for peace.
"If Pope Francis succeeds in traveling to North Korea, it will of course open doors. From the pope's point of view, it is clearly a message of peace, of reconciliation in this divided peninsula. And the hope we have is that such a visit can also set the life of the Church in North Korea free again. Our Korean confreres would be thrilled if there was a chance to start working there again. "
Monday, September 23, 2019
NK투데이 » [북한은 왜?]중공업 우선 발전노선 – ④사회주의 공업국으로 발전한 북한의 주민 생활은 어땠을까?
NK투데이 » [북한은 왜?]중공업 우선 발전노선 – ④사회주의 공업국으로 발전한 북한의 주민 생활은 어땠을까?
현재위치: Home › 연재 › 북한은 왜? › [북한은 왜?]중공업 우선 발전노선 – ④사회주의 공업국으로 발전한 북한의 주민 생활은 어땠을까?
[북한은 왜?]중공업 우선 발전노선 – ④사회주의 공업국으로 발전한 북한의 주민 생활은 어땠을까?
북한은 왜?, 연재 2019-09-24 Like 0
임영태는 저서 북한 50년사에서 60년대 북한 생활상에 대해 소개했다. 해당 내용을 발췌하여 소개하고자 한다.
>임영태, 북한 50년사1, 들녘, 1999, 383쪽~392쪽
——–
북한은 1960년대에 들어서는 비약적인 성장이라고 할 만큼 식의주 문제가 해결된 상태였다. 풍족한 수준은 아니었어도 누구나 먹고 입고 사는 데는 별 불편을 느끼지 못했다.
어떤 경우에는 아이가 다섯이었는데 어느 해인가는 1년에 (배급받은 쌀이) 60kg이 남아 수매소에 팔았던 적도 있었다.
고기는 ‘노동법령’에 명시된 사회보장원칙에 따라 월 2kg이 정기적으로 배급되었으나 필요하면 상점에서 구입했다.
또한 주민들의 건강 유지를 위해서 리 단위마다 40정보 이상 사과, 배 등의 과실 재배단지를 만들어 토양과 기후에 적합한 과일을 생산했다. 일손이 모자라 과실이 다 익어도 수확하지 못하고 썩히는 경우까지 있었다.
북한에서 제일 평가받을 만한 생활 보장은 주택문제 해결이었다.
북한의 주택보급률이 65% 수준이며 수요보다 공급이 절대적으로 부족하다는 남한 측 학자의 글을 읽고 웃은 적이 있다.
의료에 대해서는 김일성 주석이 직접 “예방의학 방침을 위주로 한 전반적인 무상의료제 실시”를 지시했다.
북한에서는 무상의료 진료제도가 1953년부터 실시되었다.
만약 어떤 사람이 병에 걸리면 치료를 받는 절차는 다음과 같았다.
우선 리 진료소에서 이틀간 진료와 입원치료를 받을 수 있다.
만일 여기서 완치되지 않으면 군 보건소에 후송되어 약 1개월간 치료를 받게 된다.
군 보건소에서도 안 되면 도 병원에 후송되어 3개월간 치료를 받고, 만일 여기서도 완치되지 않으면 무기한 입원이 가능한 국가전문의료기관에서 완치가 될 때까지 무상치료를 받을 수 있었다.
위급한 급성질병일 경우에는 체류지역에 있는 병원에서 치료를 받거나 초급 진료기관을 차례로 거치지 않아도 되었다.
그런데 무상진료에 앞서 더욱 중요한 사실은 생산대중이 충분한 휴식을 통해 건강상태와 심리상태를 유지해야 한다는 사실이다. 이를 위해서 북한은 정기휴가 제도를 확립하고 휴가 기간을 잘 보내기 위한 휴양소 건립에 눈을 돌렸다.
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[북한은 왜?] 중공업 우선 발전노선 - ③사회주의 공업국으로 발돋움한 북한2019-09-16"북한은 왜?"에서
[북한은 왜?]중공업 우선 발전노선 - ②소련, 북한에 정책 수정을 강요하다2019-09-10"북한은 왜?"에서
[만리마시대 특집] 만리마 운동의 전신인 천리마운동은 과연 '노동착취'였을까? ②2017-12-08"만리마시대"에서
TAGS: 공업화뉴스무상주택북한요양시설의식주
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[북한은 왜?]중공업 우선발전 노선 – ① 북한이 선택한 '번영의 길'2019-09-02
[북한은 왜?]북한의 협동농장④ – 농업협동화의 성과2019-03-25
덴마크 NGO “식량지원 분배 감시용 평양사무소 신설”
덴마크 NGO “식량지원 분배 감시용 평양사무소 신설”
덴마크 NGO “식량지원 분배 감시용 평양사무소 신설”
워싱턴-이경하 rheek@rfa.org
2019-09-23
덴마크 구호단체인 ‘미션 이스트’(Mission East)가 최근 직원 두 명이 상주하는 평양 주재 사무소를 개설했다.
/출처: 미션이스트
00:00/02:10
앵커: 덴마크의 민간구호 단체가 대북 식량지원의 분배감시를 위해 최근 평양 주재 사무소를 신설했다고 밝혔습니다. 이경하 기자가 보도합니다.
덴마크 구호단체인 ‘미션 이스트’(Mission East)는 직원 두 명이 상주하는 평양 주재 사무소를 지난 12일 개설했다고 자유아시아방송(RFA)에23일 밝혔습니다.
미션 이스트 관계자: 예. 북한에 사무소가 개설됐습니다.
특히 이 단체는 이 사무소를 통해 식량난으로 고통받는 북한 전체 인구의 41%인 약 1천 만명에 대한 식량지원 구호활동이 가속화될 것이라고 강조했습니다.
그러면서 이 단체는 북한 내 국제 민간 구호단체 중 6번째로 평양에 사무소를 개설하게 됐다고 설명했습니다.
특히 ‘미션 이스트’는 이번 사무소 개설을 통해 북한 주민들에 대한 식량지원의 효율성 제고와 분배 확인의 투명성이 강화될 것이라고 강조했습니다.
이어 이 단체는 가뭄, 홍수 등 자연재해로 인해 식량이 긴급하게 필요할 경우 평양사무소를 통한 긴급지원이 가능하게 됐다고도 덧붙였습니다.
아울러 미션 이스트에 따르면, 이번 평양 사무소 개설을 점검하기 위해 ‘미션 이스트’의 킴 하츠너 사무국장이 이달 초 직접 방북해 지난 20일 돌아왔다고 밝혔습니다.
이와 관련, 하츠너 사무국장은 “이번 방북은 9번째로, 지난 7일 태풍 링링의 영향으로 북한의 논과 밭이 큰 피해를 입었다”고 전했습니다.
그러면서 하츠너 사무국장은 “전 세계에서 벌어지는 기후 변화는 북한 주민들에게
있어 매우 위협적”이라며 “북한 주민들이 식량난으로 인해 굶어 죽을 수도 있기 때문”이라고 설명했습니다.
아울러 그는 지난달 북한에 아동 3만3천여 명을 위해 지원했던 콩과 옥수수 등 식량 630여톤의 배급이 완료됐다고 밝혔습니다.
그러면서 북한 평안북도 운산군의 북한 교육 관계자를 인용해, ‘미션 이스트’의 이번 식량지원으로 운산군 내 학생 293명 중 70%가 정상적인 영양상태로 돌아왔다고 소개했습니다.
한편, 2011년 부터 대북 지원을 하고 있는 ‘미션 이스트’는 지난 5월에도 북한 어린이들의 영양부족 문제를 해결하기 위해 1만2천여 명 분의 식량을 지원하기도 했습니다.
관련 기사
캐나다 NGO “방북해 지원사업 분배감시…대두 수확 미미”
덴마크 NGO “취약계층 3만 3천명 식량지원”
WFP “7월에만 2,200톤 식량 대북 지원…하반기 상황 어려울 것”
WFP “북 당국과 지속 대화중”…대북 쌀 수송 여전히 불투명
WFP “6월에만 북한에 약 2,300톤 식량 지원”
한국 정부 “북, 한미훈련 이유로 쌀 지원 거부…공식입장 확인 중”
대북 쌀지원, 이달 중 첫 출항 불투명
통일부 “대북지원 쌀5만톤, 북 취약계층 212만명에 전달”
외부의 식량지원에도 북한 식량 값 오름세
국무부 “대북 쌀 지원 지지…미 정부 지원계획은 없어”
Sunday, September 8, 2019
1909 미 대사관 제8회 북한 농업회의
Jongchol Park
6 September at 18:23 ·
미 대사관 제8회 북한 농업회의
미 농무부에서 위성(일기)으로 전세계 농업분석(전략 곡물생산량 등)하는 미타 박사님의 발표
북한 내 활동하는 WFP과 미 농무부 및 기타 각 기관 : 곡물 생산량 추정치의 차이가 상당함
1 위성으로 북 구체적인 기후(가뭄, 홍수와 같은)에 대한 당국과 농민의 대응, 품종(종자개량), 관개설비확장수준와 모내기 시기, 농약과 비료투입 등 농업 방식을 알수 없다.
기타:더불어 군의 농업투입이 많음. 위성으로 경사지 관찰이 어렵다.
2 WFP는 2014년이후 협동농장 조사(FAO와 협조했었던)가 없고, 영유아, 임산부 등 긴급 구호 조사에 집중
ㅡ 최근 북 식량위기 근거가 불명확함을 의미
3 목적의 차이 ㅡ 데이터확보 vs 곡물 자급률 증대: 미 농무부는 조사에 집중하여 북 내부 조사를 통한 더욱 정확한 데이터를 원하고, 세미나에 참석한 일부 학자, 활동가는 북 농업 개선과 식량 상황 개선을 희망(제재를 통한 반대 상황을 희망하는 경우도 있고)
4 격차증대에 따라 지역,농장 별로 산출량 다양
5 일기에 따른 시계열적 추세는 알수 있다
결론: 북한 곡물 생산량은 위성추적만으로 이해에 한계가 분명하고,
또한 각 기관의 추정치 차이는 조사방법에 따른 문제이며(부분적 정치적 목적),
이를 기반으로 자료가 수집, 분석되고 있을 개연성이 적지 않다고 한다
2018년 제7회 회의에서 임업 위성추적의 주목사항:
산림녹화문제에 대한 논쟁:
1 북한 소토지에 대한 산림 훼손이 외부 보도보다 심각하지 않고,
2 위성추적으로 김정은 시기 약 50만ha(추가 확인 필요, 제주도 3.5배)가 복원으로 추정.
3 입산금지조치, 녹화, 임농복합경영, 축산 등 효과가 나타나고 있음.
4 소토지(뙤기밭)가 인공조림, 자연복원 및 목축지대 등으로 변화 개연성.
34You, 崔吉城 and 32 others
1 share
Saturday, September 7, 2019
JOY ELLEN YOON — Overcoming Obstacles to Provide Humanitarian Aid to the DPRK
JOY ELLEN YOON — Overcoming Obstacles to Provide Humanitarian Aid to the DPRK
JOY ELLEN YOON
ABOUTBOOKDISCOVERING JOY
CONTACT
Overcoming Obstacles to Provide Humanitarian Aid to the DPRK
The United Nations and United States’ government both state that they have no intention of hurting the common people of the DPRK. Both entities in theory state that they do not wish to hinder humanitarian assistance to the elderly, pregnant women, children, and the most needy in North Korea. However, the reality of providing humanitarian aid to North Korea is quite the opposite. The current climate challenges even large NGOs to reconsider their involvement in the DPRK. Many years of overcoming governmental permits and licenses is required to continue providing life-saving humanitarian assistance to the most needy in North Korea.
This week our non-profit organization, Ignis Community, received a long awaited final permit to ship necessary medical and rehabilitation equipment to North Korea. It was a long journey of submitting various applications to multiple entities, but in the end, all licenses came through for us to continue our humanitarian assistance to the DPRK. Here is the gist of our story.
Ignis Community has been working in North Korea since 2008. Although my husband and I began traveling and working inside the country in 2007, it wasn’t until the following year that we officially registered our charitable organization in the DPRK. Since then, we have registered Ignis Community, also known as Sunyang Hana in Korean, as 501(c)3 organizations in the U.S., South Korea, and Hong Kong.
Ignis Community aims to ignite positive and sustainable support in North Korea through developing the realms of health, medicine, and education for children throughout the nation. In addition to providing food and medical assistance to remote rural areas, one of Ignis’ main projects is developing a Spine Rehabilitation Center (PYSRC) in the capital city of Pyongyang that provides medical and therapeutic services for children with cerebral palsy and other developmental disabilities. Prior to the PYSRC, no official treatment existed for children with cerebral palsy, autism, and other developmental disabilities in North Korea. These conditions were either not treated and left alone or treated with a lack of expertise and knowledge. As a result, many children were left hidden behind doors and even more did not survive in such isolating situations.
Since this medical specialty was developing for the first time in the DPRK, Ignis Community began building a specialty ward for rehabilitation on the campus of the Pyongyang Medical School Hospital. This five-story medical facility will provide both out-patient and in-patient care and services for various muscular-skeletal conditions as well as treatment for children with developmental disabilities such as cerebral palsy. Including treating patients and training doctors in this cutting edge medical specialty, the construction and development of the PYSRC program costs over a $3 million dollars.
Pyongyang Spine Rehabilitation Center (PYSRC) located on the Pyongyang Medical School Hospital Campus
Unfortunately, life-saving facilities and treatment for children with developmental disabilities is not fully covered underneath the General License #5, which allows humanitarian aid to the DPRK. General License #5 is extremely narrow in its scope allowing strictly only medicine, food, shelter, and clothing donations to the people of North Korea. Any construction of facilities, shipping of medical supplies and equipment, and other humanitarian services require multiple layers of permits and licenses from both the U.N. and the United States.
In our case, Ignis Community began applying for appropriate licenses as soon as President Obama started issuing new executive orders in 2015. The first of these hurdles was the most difficult. Ignis Community was required to obtain an OFAC license from the U.S. Treasury Department in order to channel funds and supplies to complete the development and construction of the PYSRC. We applied for the license in November 2015, but it wasn’t until October 2016 that we received our official OFAC license. Eleven months of back and forth communication with the Treasury Department was necessary before the license was finally issued.
Although this was the most difficult step, it was only the first of other requirements necessary to continue our humanitarian assistance to children with developmental disabilities in the DPRK. Next was the need to obtain a Commerce BIS license. The BIS license allows medical and rehabilitation equipment to be shipped to Pyongyang for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy and autism. Once this license was obtained, Ignis Community had to apply for an exemption from the UN Sanctions Committee. All metal, including metal found in gait trainers, walkers, needles, stethoscopes, and other medical supplies, is banned according to U.N. Resolution #2397. Without permission from the U.N. Sanctions Committee, any shipment containing metal sent to North Korea would be stopped and quarantined by China customs along the North Korea border. But despite all of these hurdles, Ignis Community was finally able to obtain all necessary licenses for the development of the PYSRC in September 2019.
However, monitoring of the project and uninterrupted treatment of pediatric patients remains an incredible challenge. Since Ignis Community was founded by and directed by U.S. citizens, we must first obtain Special Validation Passports before we can travel into the DPRK. Originally, our family was living in North Korea. We had residence in both Rason and Pyongyang with over ten years of experience working and living inside the country. But on September 1, 2017, the U.S. State Department issued a Geographic Travel Restriction to North Korea. All U.S. citizens from that point on were restricted from traveling into North Korea, and our family had to leave our home in Pyongyang for an indefinite period of time. Since then, we have had to rely upon non-U.S. team members and Special Validation Passports to continue our work inside North Korea.
The U.S. State Department allows extremely limited travel permits for U.S. citizens traveling for life-saving humanitarian purposes, media coverage, and diplomatic negotiations. Over a two-year span, Ignis Community has received four Special Validation Passports for four separate trips into Pyongyang. However, these trips have been limited in scope, and as a result, have dramatically reduced the amount of treatment and expertise Ignis can provide for children with developmental disabilities. Currently, we are awaiting an answer to our fifth application for Special Validation Passports.
The reality of humanitarian organizations on the ground in North Korea is bleak and discouraging. Humanitarian aid requires multiple layers of permits and licenses not only from the United States but from the U.N., itself. These licenses often take years to obtain. In the meantime, the common people of North Korea who are in need of humanitarian assistance are the ones who are suffering, not the government. The U.N. estimates that approximately 10 million people in North Korea are in need of humanitarian aid. International policies that have implemented U.N. sanctions to put pressure on the DPRK to denuclearize are also, in part, responsible for the humanitarian crisis in North Korea. As Chris Rice with Mennonite Central Committee states, “Humanitarian engagement should not be connected with politics. The vulnerable should not be hurt by these political shifts.”
Fortunately, Ignis Community has been able to overcome all of these obstacles to continue our humanitarian assistance to the children and citizens of North Korea. Three years of hard work has finally allowed us to receive all the permits and licenses required for us to sustain the PYSRC’s treatment and medical training program for children with developmental disabilities in the DPRK.
Overcoming Obstacles to Provide Humanitarian Aid to the DPRK
The United Nations and United States’ government both state that they have no intention of hurting the common people of the DPRK. Both entities in theory state that they do not wish to hinder humanitarian assistance to the elderly, pregnant women, children, and the most needy in North Korea. However, the reality of providing humanitarian aid to North Korea is quite the opposite. The current climate challenges even large NGOs to reconsider their involvement in the DPRK. Many years of overcoming governmental permits and licenses is required to continue providing life-saving humanitarian assistance to the most needy in North Korea.
This week our non-profit organization, Ignis Community, received a long awaited final permit to ship necessary medical and rehabilitation equipment to North Korea. It was a long journey of submitting various applications to multiple entities, but in the end, all licenses came through for us to continue our humanitarian assistance to the DPRK. Here is the gist of our story.
Ignis Community has been working in North Korea since 2008. Although my husband and I began traveling and working inside the country in 2007, it wasn’t until the following year that we officially registered our charitable organization in the DPRK. Since then, we have registered Ignis Community, also known as Sunyang Hana in Korean, as 501(c)3 organizations in the U.S., South Korea, and Hong Kong.
Ignis Community aims to ignite positive and sustainable support in North Korea through developing the realms of health, medicine, and education for children throughout the nation. In addition to providing food and medical assistance to remote rural areas, one of Ignis’ main projects is developing a Spine Rehabilitation Center (PYSRC) in the capital city of Pyongyang that provides medical and therapeutic services for children with cerebral palsy and other developmental disabilities. Prior to the PYSRC, no official treatment existed for children with cerebral palsy, autism, and other developmental disabilities in North Korea. These conditions were either not treated and left alone or treated with a lack of expertise and knowledge. As a result, many children were left hidden behind doors and even more did not survive in such isolating situations.
Since this medical specialty was developing for the first time in the DPRK, Ignis Community began building a specialty ward for rehabilitation on the campus of the Pyongyang Medical School Hospital. This five-story medical facility will provide both out-patient and in-patient care and services for various muscular-skeletal conditions as well as treatment for children with developmental disabilities such as cerebral palsy. Including treating patients and training doctors in this cutting edge medical specialty, the construction and development of the PYSRC program costs over a $3 million dollars.
Pyongyang Spine Rehabilitation Center (PYSRC) located on the Pyongyang Medical School Hospital Campus
Unfortunately, life-saving facilities and treatment for children with developmental disabilities is not fully covered underneath the General License #5, which allows humanitarian aid to the DPRK. General License #5 is extremely narrow in its scope allowing strictly only medicine, food, shelter, and clothing donations to the people of North Korea. Any construction of facilities, shipping of medical supplies and equipment, and other humanitarian services require multiple layers of permits and licenses from both the U.N. and the United States.
In our case, Ignis Community began applying for appropriate licenses as soon as President Obama started issuing new executive orders in 2015. The first of these hurdles was the most difficult. Ignis Community was required to obtain an OFAC license from the U.S. Treasury Department in order to channel funds and supplies to complete the development and construction of the PYSRC. We applied for the license in November 2015, but it wasn’t until October 2016 that we received our official OFAC license. Eleven months of back and forth communication with the Treasury Department was necessary before the license was finally issued.
Although this was the most difficult step, it was only the first of other requirements necessary to continue our humanitarian assistance to children with developmental disabilities in the DPRK. Next was the need to obtain a Commerce BIS license. The BIS license allows medical and rehabilitation equipment to be shipped to Pyongyang for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy and autism. Once this license was obtained, Ignis Community had to apply for an exemption from the UN Sanctions Committee. All metal, including metal found in gait trainers, walkers, needles, stethoscopes, and other medical supplies, is banned according to U.N. Resolution #2397. Without permission from the U.N. Sanctions Committee, any shipment containing metal sent to North Korea would be stopped and quarantined by China customs along the North Korea border. But despite all of these hurdles, Ignis Community was finally able to obtain all necessary licenses for the development of the PYSRC in September 2019.
However, monitoring of the project and uninterrupted treatment of pediatric patients remains an incredible challenge. Since Ignis Community was founded by and directed by U.S. citizens, we must first obtain Special Validation Passports before we can travel into the DPRK. Originally, our family was living in North Korea. We had residence in both Rason and Pyongyang with over ten years of experience working and living inside the country. But on September 1, 2017, the U.S. State Department issued a Geographic Travel Restriction to North Korea. All U.S. citizens from that point on were restricted from traveling into North Korea, and our family had to leave our home in Pyongyang for an indefinite period of time. Since then, we have had to rely upon non-U.S. team members and Special Validation Passports to continue our work inside North Korea.
The U.S. State Department allows extremely limited travel permits for U.S. citizens traveling for life-saving humanitarian purposes, media coverage, and diplomatic negotiations. Over a two-year span, Ignis Community has received four Special Validation Passports for four separate trips into Pyongyang. However, these trips have been limited in scope, and as a result, have dramatically reduced the amount of treatment and expertise Ignis can provide for children with developmental disabilities. Currently, we are awaiting an answer to our fifth application for Special Validation Passports.
The reality of humanitarian organizations on the ground in North Korea is bleak and discouraging. Humanitarian aid requires multiple layers of permits and licenses not only from the United States but from the U.N., itself. These licenses often take years to obtain. In the meantime, the common people of North Korea who are in need of humanitarian assistance are the ones who are suffering, not the government. The U.N. estimates that approximately 10 million people in North Korea are in need of humanitarian aid. International policies that have implemented U.N. sanctions to put pressure on the DPRK to denuclearize are also, in part, responsible for the humanitarian crisis in North Korea. As Chris Rice with Mennonite Central Committee states, “Humanitarian engagement should not be connected with politics. The vulnerable should not be hurt by these political shifts.”
Fortunately, Ignis Community has been able to overcome all of these obstacles to continue our humanitarian assistance to the children and citizens of North Korea. Three years of hard work has finally allowed us to receive all the permits and licenses required for us to sustain the PYSRC’s treatment and medical training program for children with developmental disabilities in the DPRK.
Living as Christians in North Korea | Sojourners
Living as Christians in North Korea | Sojourners
LIVING AS CHRISTIANS IN NORTH KOREA
In North Korea, Christians are sometimes cast as enemies of the state.
BY JOY YOON
CHRISTIANITY IS THE ONLY religion in North Korea that is considered to be strictly a foreign religion. North Korea considers Christianity to be the forefront of American imperialism. The country is taught that Christian missionaries in the 19th century came to Korea to indoctrinate the people with Western civilization. Then, in the Korean War, the U.S. soldiers who massacred their people were depicted as Christian crusaders. To fan these flames, the largest group of Koreans who opposed communism when the government was established in 1945 was the Christians. Therefore, in North Korea, Christians are likened to spies, foreign imperialists, and anti-government traitors.
Despite this, Christianity has been allowed to persist in North Korea. The vast majority of churches were destroyed during the early years of communism in North Korea, but in 1989 Kim Il Sung brought life back to Christianity by rebuilding the home church of his mother. Since then, two other state churches have been erected: one additional Protestant church and one Catholic church.
Yoon_Hope_for_Autism.pdf
MF40-3_Yoon_Hope_for_Autism.pdf
Hope for Autism
and Developmental Disabilities
in the DPRK
MISSIONFRONTIERS.ORG
25
BY STEPHEN & JOY YOON
Stephen & Joy Yoon graduated from Olivet Nazarene University with majors in Biology in 1999. Stephen went on to earn his doctorate in
Chiropractic from Cleveland Chiropractic College in Los Angeles in 2004 and a Ph.D. in Rehabilitation Medicine in DPRK in 2012. Joy earned
her masters degree in Biology/Ecology from UCLA in 2003 and a certification in Educational Therapy from UC Riverside in 2017. For the
past eleven years, Stephen and Joy have been serving as Christian workers in North Korea. Their cross-cultural work in North Korea has
included Christian business, humanitarian work, and medical outreach.
26
MISSION FRONTIERS MAY/JUNE 2018
Treatment for children with developmental disabilities
is available for the first time in the DPRK. Prior to this
project, no official specialized medical training or therapy
existed for children with cerebral palsy or autism in the
DPRK. Both were considered untreatable or were treated
with lack of expertise. Worldwide, according to the Center
for Disease Control and Prevention, 3.3 out of every 1,000
children are affected by cerebral palsy and 1 out of every
110 children are affected by autism. Therefore, specialized
treatment of pediatric developmental disabilities was a
great need in the DPRK.
Now, through one American family, treatment for children
with developmental disabilities has begun in the Kim Ilsung University Pyongyang Medical School Hospital.
Although this family has been working and living in the
DPRK for over ten years, they moved to the capital city of
Pyongyang in 2013. They became the first American family
to send their children to the Pyongyang Korean School
for Foreigners and to reside within the apartments of the
Foreign Diplomatic Compound. There have been many
firsts for this unique American family, but the greatest firsts
have been in the strides made for the rights of children with
disabilities within the DPRK.
With skills in rehabilitation medicine and special education,
this family is implementing, for the first time in the DPRK,
treatment and education for children with developmental
disabilities in the medical university system. Initially, the
local hospital administrator did not acknowledge that
developmental disabilities, such as cerebral palsy and
autism, existed in the nation. However, as patients came
MISSIONFRONTIERS.ORG
«
After approximately 11 months of
therapy, she realized her dream:
she walked out of the hospital!
She now has a new dream to become
a rehabilitation doctor so that she,
too, can help children like herself.
»
27
28
MISSION FRONTIERS MAY/JUNE 2018
MISSIONFRONTIERS.ORG
29
to be treated in the hospital, the need to treat pediatric
developmental disabilities was officially recognized.
One of the first patients with cerebral palsy who brought
awareness to disabilities throughout the nation came in the
fall of 2013. She was ten years old at the time and diagnosed
with spastic quadriplegia. This young girl could not walk, so
her classroom teacher would strap her to her back and carry
her to school every morning. Once at school, her teacher
would then strap her to her chair so she could listen to class
lectures. This girl’s greatest dream was to walk to school
one day with the rest of her classmates. Following the
beginning of official treatment for children with cerebral
palsy in 2013, she was finally able to receive medical care.
After approximately 11 months of therapy, she realized her
dream: she walked out of the hospital! The local broadcast
network came and televised her discharge and today she is
attending school with the rest of her classmates. She now
has a new dream to become a rehabilitation doctor so that
she, too, can help children like herself.
Thousands of children like her are waiting in the DPRK for
medical treatment and many of them have never attended
school. Through this family and the establishment of
a therapy program for children with developmental
disabilities, other children now have hope for the future.
After the hospital’s successful treatment of children with
cerebral palsy, the Department of Public Health began
establishing pediatric rehabilitation centers in all 10
provincial children’s hospitals. In addition, a cohort of
doctors is being trained in treatment methodologies at Kim
Il-sung University Pyongyang Medical School Hospital. The
government has ensured the development of this specialty
within all 10 medical schools in the country by signing an
agreement with the sponsoring NGO known as IGNIS
Community. Even the former leader, Kim Jong-il and the
current leader, Kim Jong-un have signed off on this project!
But the story does not end there. Now, with the help of a
partnering American therapist, the program for children
with developmental disabilities has expanded to include
not only children with cerebral palsy, but also children
with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prior to June 2015,
there was no diagnosis or therapy of any kind available
for children with ASD in the DPRK. ASD was essentially
unknown and both children with ASD and their parents
struggled as they tried to cope with the challenges that
faced them with neither resources nor skills.
In two short years, the Pyongyang Medical School
Hospital has made great strides in learning about ASD
and the therapies available. In cooperation with the DPRK
government Ministries of Public Health, the hospital has
hosted a series of four separate weeks of lectures and handson therapy skills training provided by IGNIS Community
volunteers. Doctors who have participated in this training
will be the pioneers of ASD therapy in the nation. In
addition to specific skills and techniques in facilitating social
interaction and communication in children with ASD, the
training content also included foundational theories and
philosophies of practice. Through the lecture content and
discussions about different models of disability, whole child
development and the importance of cultivating trusting
relationships with children and families, attitudes and
perspectives of both doctors and families have changed.
A seven-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
walked into the therapy room with his mom, his eyes wide
and face ashen with fear. He had never spoken before and
could not attend school because of his challenges with
sensory processing and social communication. He could
not tolerate anyone near him and responded by crying out
in fear or spinning a toy to help relieve his anxiety. By the
end of a 30-minute therapy session, he was engaged in a
beautiful, back-and-forth tickle game with the therapist,
laughing loudly and deeply. He excitedly grabbed the
therapist’s hands and placed them on his stomach and
even spoke his first partial word to ask for more tickles! His
mom, with tears in her eyes, said that this was the happiest
she had ever seen her son.
Another mom of an eight-year-old boy with ASD openly
shared her struggles of raising a child with special needs.
Her despair turned to hope as the therapists listened to her,
encouraged her, and reassured her that she is not alone.
These are just a few of the stories of hope and healing that
have taken place in the lives of children and families who
come to the new pediatric therapy clinic started by IGNIS
Community at Kim Il-sung University Pyongyang Medical
School Hospital.
Besides the lecture component, the ASD training series has
also included a significant amount of hands-on training.
Morning lectures about theory and techniques are then
implemented in the therapy clinic in the afternoon.
The techniques are first modeled by the visiting western
therapist and then each therapist-in-training has had
MISSION FRONTIERS MAY/JUNE 2018
the opportunity to practice the skills they have learned
as they engage with a child with ASD and his caregiver.
Each therapy session is followed by a time of debriefing
and questions. The DPRK therapists and other observers
have noted this debriefing time as one of the most helpful
methods of learning for them, enabling them to see how
techniques can be utilized and adapted to real-life situations
based on the child’s individual needs.
The doctors are eager to learn and are motivated to help
children with the new skills they are acquiring. The hospital,
now equipped with basic developmental milestone charts and
ASD screening materials, is screening each child that comes
through its doors for ASD and other developmental delays.
Pyongyang Medical School Hospital has seen this training
series as valuable and has invited others to join their
learning. As of June 2017, a total of over 30 doctors from
Pyongyang Medical School Hospital, Pyongyang Children’s
Hospital and the DPRK Disability Federation have taken
part in the lecture series. The Assistant Director and Chair
of the Neurology Department at Munsoon Rehabilitation
Center have also expressed interest in participating in
future training.
The lecture series on ASD has not only been helpful for
doctors and therapists providing direct care; but has also
caught the increasing attention of government officials
from The Ministry of Science and Technology and the
Ministry of Public Health. Their increased awareness
and education about ASD is crucial in the adaptation of
the medical system and formation of policies to include
the diagnosis and care for children with ASD and other
developmental disabilities.
IGNIS Community envisions that through the training
of medical students in rehabilitation specialties, through
empowering parents and through igniting change in the
society’s perspective of disability, children with cerebral
palsy, ASD, and other developmental disabilities will be
transformed to their full potential and be able to participate
in their community. Child by child, one family and one
doctor at a time, we are seeing this vision become a reality
Hope for Autism
and Developmental Disabilities
in the DPRK
MISSIONFRONTIERS.ORG
25
BY STEPHEN & JOY YOON
Stephen & Joy Yoon graduated from Olivet Nazarene University with majors in Biology in 1999. Stephen went on to earn his doctorate in
Chiropractic from Cleveland Chiropractic College in Los Angeles in 2004 and a Ph.D. in Rehabilitation Medicine in DPRK in 2012. Joy earned
her masters degree in Biology/Ecology from UCLA in 2003 and a certification in Educational Therapy from UC Riverside in 2017. For the
past eleven years, Stephen and Joy have been serving as Christian workers in North Korea. Their cross-cultural work in North Korea has
included Christian business, humanitarian work, and medical outreach.
26
MISSION FRONTIERS MAY/JUNE 2018
Treatment for children with developmental disabilities
is available for the first time in the DPRK. Prior to this
project, no official specialized medical training or therapy
existed for children with cerebral palsy or autism in the
DPRK. Both were considered untreatable or were treated
with lack of expertise. Worldwide, according to the Center
for Disease Control and Prevention, 3.3 out of every 1,000
children are affected by cerebral palsy and 1 out of every
110 children are affected by autism. Therefore, specialized
treatment of pediatric developmental disabilities was a
great need in the DPRK.
Now, through one American family, treatment for children
with developmental disabilities has begun in the Kim Ilsung University Pyongyang Medical School Hospital.
Although this family has been working and living in the
DPRK for over ten years, they moved to the capital city of
Pyongyang in 2013. They became the first American family
to send their children to the Pyongyang Korean School
for Foreigners and to reside within the apartments of the
Foreign Diplomatic Compound. There have been many
firsts for this unique American family, but the greatest firsts
have been in the strides made for the rights of children with
disabilities within the DPRK.
With skills in rehabilitation medicine and special education,
this family is implementing, for the first time in the DPRK,
treatment and education for children with developmental
disabilities in the medical university system. Initially, the
local hospital administrator did not acknowledge that
developmental disabilities, such as cerebral palsy and
autism, existed in the nation. However, as patients came
MISSIONFRONTIERS.ORG
«
After approximately 11 months of
therapy, she realized her dream:
she walked out of the hospital!
She now has a new dream to become
a rehabilitation doctor so that she,
too, can help children like herself.
»
27
28
MISSION FRONTIERS MAY/JUNE 2018
MISSIONFRONTIERS.ORG
29
to be treated in the hospital, the need to treat pediatric
developmental disabilities was officially recognized.
One of the first patients with cerebral palsy who brought
awareness to disabilities throughout the nation came in the
fall of 2013. She was ten years old at the time and diagnosed
with spastic quadriplegia. This young girl could not walk, so
her classroom teacher would strap her to her back and carry
her to school every morning. Once at school, her teacher
would then strap her to her chair so she could listen to class
lectures. This girl’s greatest dream was to walk to school
one day with the rest of her classmates. Following the
beginning of official treatment for children with cerebral
palsy in 2013, she was finally able to receive medical care.
After approximately 11 months of therapy, she realized her
dream: she walked out of the hospital! The local broadcast
network came and televised her discharge and today she is
attending school with the rest of her classmates. She now
has a new dream to become a rehabilitation doctor so that
she, too, can help children like herself.
Thousands of children like her are waiting in the DPRK for
medical treatment and many of them have never attended
school. Through this family and the establishment of
a therapy program for children with developmental
disabilities, other children now have hope for the future.
After the hospital’s successful treatment of children with
cerebral palsy, the Department of Public Health began
establishing pediatric rehabilitation centers in all 10
provincial children’s hospitals. In addition, a cohort of
doctors is being trained in treatment methodologies at Kim
Il-sung University Pyongyang Medical School Hospital. The
government has ensured the development of this specialty
within all 10 medical schools in the country by signing an
agreement with the sponsoring NGO known as IGNIS
Community. Even the former leader, Kim Jong-il and the
current leader, Kim Jong-un have signed off on this project!
But the story does not end there. Now, with the help of a
partnering American therapist, the program for children
with developmental disabilities has expanded to include
not only children with cerebral palsy, but also children
with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prior to June 2015,
there was no diagnosis or therapy of any kind available
for children with ASD in the DPRK. ASD was essentially
unknown and both children with ASD and their parents
struggled as they tried to cope with the challenges that
faced them with neither resources nor skills.
In two short years, the Pyongyang Medical School
Hospital has made great strides in learning about ASD
and the therapies available. In cooperation with the DPRK
government Ministries of Public Health, the hospital has
hosted a series of four separate weeks of lectures and handson therapy skills training provided by IGNIS Community
volunteers. Doctors who have participated in this training
will be the pioneers of ASD therapy in the nation. In
addition to specific skills and techniques in facilitating social
interaction and communication in children with ASD, the
training content also included foundational theories and
philosophies of practice. Through the lecture content and
discussions about different models of disability, whole child
development and the importance of cultivating trusting
relationships with children and families, attitudes and
perspectives of both doctors and families have changed.
A seven-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
walked into the therapy room with his mom, his eyes wide
and face ashen with fear. He had never spoken before and
could not attend school because of his challenges with
sensory processing and social communication. He could
not tolerate anyone near him and responded by crying out
in fear or spinning a toy to help relieve his anxiety. By the
end of a 30-minute therapy session, he was engaged in a
beautiful, back-and-forth tickle game with the therapist,
laughing loudly and deeply. He excitedly grabbed the
therapist’s hands and placed them on his stomach and
even spoke his first partial word to ask for more tickles! His
mom, with tears in her eyes, said that this was the happiest
she had ever seen her son.
Another mom of an eight-year-old boy with ASD openly
shared her struggles of raising a child with special needs.
Her despair turned to hope as the therapists listened to her,
encouraged her, and reassured her that she is not alone.
These are just a few of the stories of hope and healing that
have taken place in the lives of children and families who
come to the new pediatric therapy clinic started by IGNIS
Community at Kim Il-sung University Pyongyang Medical
School Hospital.
Besides the lecture component, the ASD training series has
also included a significant amount of hands-on training.
Morning lectures about theory and techniques are then
implemented in the therapy clinic in the afternoon.
The techniques are first modeled by the visiting western
therapist and then each therapist-in-training has had
MISSION FRONTIERS MAY/JUNE 2018
the opportunity to practice the skills they have learned
as they engage with a child with ASD and his caregiver.
Each therapy session is followed by a time of debriefing
and questions. The DPRK therapists and other observers
have noted this debriefing time as one of the most helpful
methods of learning for them, enabling them to see how
techniques can be utilized and adapted to real-life situations
based on the child’s individual needs.
The doctors are eager to learn and are motivated to help
children with the new skills they are acquiring. The hospital,
now equipped with basic developmental milestone charts and
ASD screening materials, is screening each child that comes
through its doors for ASD and other developmental delays.
Pyongyang Medical School Hospital has seen this training
series as valuable and has invited others to join their
learning. As of June 2017, a total of over 30 doctors from
Pyongyang Medical School Hospital, Pyongyang Children’s
Hospital and the DPRK Disability Federation have taken
part in the lecture series. The Assistant Director and Chair
of the Neurology Department at Munsoon Rehabilitation
Center have also expressed interest in participating in
future training.
The lecture series on ASD has not only been helpful for
doctors and therapists providing direct care; but has also
caught the increasing attention of government officials
from The Ministry of Science and Technology and the
Ministry of Public Health. Their increased awareness
and education about ASD is crucial in the adaptation of
the medical system and formation of policies to include
the diagnosis and care for children with ASD and other
developmental disabilities.
IGNIS Community envisions that through the training
of medical students in rehabilitation specialties, through
empowering parents and through igniting change in the
society’s perspective of disability, children with cerebral
palsy, ASD, and other developmental disabilities will be
transformed to their full potential and be able to participate
in their community. Child by child, one family and one
doctor at a time, we are seeing this vision become a reality
Bringing Shalom to the Children of North Korea | URBANA STUDENT MISSIONS CONFERENCE
Bringing Shalom to the Children of North Korea | URBANA STUDENT MISSIONS CONFERENCE
Bringing Shalom to the Children of North Korea
March 5, 2019│By Joy Yoon
Excerpt from Discovering Joy: Ten Years in North Korea(joyinnorthkorea.com)
One little girl’s greatest dream: walking to school with the rest of her classmates. For the first 10 years of her life, it seemed impossible.
Having been diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia, a type of cerebral palsy that affects both arms and legs, she, like so many children in North Korea, was considered untreatable. Since she couldn’t walk, her classroom teacher had to carry her on her back to school every morning. And at school, she would have to be strapped to her chair to avoid falling out of her seat during class lectures.
But in the fall of 2013, all that began to change. God gave my husband, Stephen, and me a unique opportunity. Instead of allowing children like this little girl to be left without resources and proper treatment, our goal was to convince North Koreans that children with disabilities have value as part of society. Through our project and those of a few other organizations, treatment for children with developmental disabilities is now available for the first time in North Korea.
After working with us for approximately 11 months of daily therapy, this little girl finally, miraculously realized her dream. She walked out of the hospital with a local news network there to broadcast the powerful moment. Today she attends school with the rest of her classmates and has a new dream: becoming a rehab physician to treat other children with disabilities.
Thousands of children like her are waiting for medical treatment in North Korea. Many of them have never attended school, but through our therapy program, these children with developmental disabilities now have hope for a better future.
Seeing the positive impact of the Pyongyang hospital’s successful treatment of children with cerebral palsy, the North Korean Department of Public Health is now working to establish Pediatric Rehabilitation Centers in all 10 provincial hospitals. Doctors are also being trained in treatment methodologies at Kim Il-Sung University Pyongyang Medical School Hospital. The government has ensured the development of this specialty in all 10 medical schools in the country by signing an agreement with our sponsoring organization. Former Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Il and current Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Un have signed off on the project as well.
One child, family, doctor, and facility at a time, we are seeing our vision become a reality, and Christ’s love being shared with many.
Bringing Shalom to the Children of North Korea | URBANA STUDENT MISSIONS CONFERENCE
Bringing Shalom to the Children of North Korea | URBANA STUDENT MISSIONS CONFERENCE
Bringing Shalom to the Children of North Korea
March 5, 2019│By Joy Yoon
Excerpt from Discovering Joy: Ten Years in North Korea(joyinnorthkorea.com)
One little girl’s greatest dream: walking to school with the rest of her classmates. For the first 10 years of her life, it seemed impossible.
Having been diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia, a type of cerebral palsy that affects both arms and legs, she, like so many children in North Korea, was considered untreatable. Since she couldn’t walk, her classroom teacher had to carry her on her back to school every morning. And at school, she would have to be strapped to her chair to avoid falling out of her seat during class lectures.
But in the fall of 2013, all that began to change. God gave my husband, Stephen, and me a unique opportunity. Instead of allowing children like this little girl to be left without resources and proper treatment, our goal was to convince North Koreans that children with disabilities have value as part of society. Through our project and those of a few other organizations, treatment for children with developmental disabilities is now available for the first time in North Korea.
After working with us for approximately 11 months of daily therapy, this little girl finally, miraculously realized her dream. She walked out of the hospital with a local news network there to broadcast the powerful moment. Today she attends school with the rest of her classmates and has a new dream: becoming a rehab physician to treat other children with disabilities.
Thousands of children like her are waiting for medical treatment in North Korea. Many of them have never attended school, but through our therapy program, these children with developmental disabilities now have hope for a better future.
Seeing the positive impact of the Pyongyang hospital’s successful treatment of children with cerebral palsy, the North Korean Department of Public Health is now working to establish Pediatric Rehabilitation Centers in all 10 provincial hospitals. Doctors are also being trained in treatment methodologies at Kim Il-Sung University Pyongyang Medical School Hospital. The government has ensured the development of this specialty in all 10 medical schools in the country by signing an agreement with our sponsoring organization. Former Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Il and current Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Un have signed off on the project as well.
One child, family, doctor, and facility at a time, we are seeing our vision become a reality, and Christ’s love being shared with many.
Tuesday, September 3, 2019
日本近現代史入門 黒い人脈と金脈 | 広瀬 隆 |本 | 通販 | Amazon
日本近現代史入門 黒い人脈と金脈 | 広瀬 隆 |本 | 通販 | Amazon
日本近現代史入門 黒い人脈と金脈をご覧になったお客様は、こんな商品もご覧になっています
この商品をお持ちですか?マーケットプレイスに出品する
著者をフォロー
広瀬 隆
+ フォロー
日本近現代史入門 黒い人脈と金脈 単行本 – 2016/11/25
広瀬 隆 (著)
5つ星のうち4.0 14件のカスタマーレビュー
商品の説明
内容紹介
グローバリズム、格差社会、ファシズム――日本を暴走させてきた権力を明らかにする!
明治以降、日本を誤らせてきたのは誰か? 日本を戦争の惨禍に巻き込み、アジアを侵略し、繁栄とは名ばかりの住みにくい日本を作り上げてきた本当の犯人は誰か?
精緻かつ大胆な歴史考察で、政治家、財閥、資本家が入り乱れる金脈と血脈にメスを入れ、日本近現代史の真実にせまる。これまで「常識」とされてきた事件・歴史的エピソード、「英雄」と考えられてきた人物たちの闇の部分に光を当て、現代社会に警鐘を鳴らす、すべての歴史ファン必読の一冊!!
【目次より】
第1章 日本の財閥はどのように誕生したか
第2章 明治・大正時代の産業の勃興
第3章 朝鮮侵略・満州侵略の歴史
第4章 満鉄を設立して大々的なアジア侵略に踏み出す
第5章 最終絶滅戦争に至った経過
第6章 敗戦直後の日本の改革と日本国憲法
第7章 戦後の工業・経済復興はどのようにおこなわれたか
【著者プロフィール】
広瀬 隆(ひろせ たかし)
1943年、東京生まれ。作家。早稲田大学理工学部卒。世界史、日本史、原発問題など幅広い分野で執筆を続ける。『アメリカの経済支配者たち』『資本主義崩壊の首謀者たち』(共に集英社新書)、『原子炉時限爆弾 大地震におびえる日本列島』(ダイヤモンド社)、『文明開化は長崎から』(上・下/集英社)など多くの著書がある。
内容(「BOOK」データベースより)
侵略、ファシズム、絶滅戦争、グローバリズム、格差社会―なぜ、日本は暴走したのか?そして、誰が富を得たのか?明治維新より現在まで日本を牛耳ってきた政治家、財閥、資本家の人脈と金脈にメスを入れ、近現代史を新たな視点で論じる、渾身の一冊。商品の説明をすべて表示する
登録情報
単行本: 576ページ
出版社: 集英社インターナショナル (2016/11/25)
言語: 日本語
ISBN-10: 4797673362
ISBN-13: 978-4797673364
発売日: 2016/11/25
梱包サイズ: 19.6 x 14 x 3.6 cm
14件のカスタマーレビュー
5つ星のうち4.0
5つ星のうち4.0
星5つ 64%
星4つ 14%
星3つ星3つ (0%)
0%
星2つ星2つ (0%)
0%
星1つ 22%
14件中1 - 8件目のレビューを表示
トップレビュー
YamakajiKenbutsu
5つ星のうち5.0学校の近現代の教科書にしてほしい。2017年9月11日
形式: 単行本Amazonで購入
金のやり取りのない歴史はない。金の流れを見ないと真実は見えてこない。実によく資料を調べて検証して書いてあると思った。目から鱗だ。
13人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています
役に立ったコメント 違反を報告
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5つ星のうち5.0知識の無かった近現代歴史は財宝2018年4月24日
形式: 単行本Amazonで購入
子供の頃から学生時代に学んだものとは全く異なるものでした。
今後は他の著者による文献も読破して内容を比較検討して自身の知識としていきたい。
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堂垣外弘忠
5つ星のうち5.0日本軍国主義の発生、拡大、崩壊、および、最近ほぼその完成の域に達した復活の近現代史を明瞭な形で提示!2017年11月12日
形式: 単行本
得意の系図と文献等さに基づいて、野蛮極まりない日本軍国主義の発生、拡大、崩壊、および、最近ほぼその完成の域に達した復活の近現代史を明瞭な形で提示しており、平和を愛するすべての日本国民に読んでもらいたい良書である。明治期以降の日本は、少数の政商としての財閥と大地主が、国内の富の大部分を占有し、庶民を低収入と長時間労働で苦しめる一方(その結果、国内市場が狭小となり、侵略せざるを得なくなる)、異常な排外主義教育と御用マスコミで過激化させ、アジア侵略に駆り立てる、国家ぐるみの侵略戦争マシーンであって、十年ごとに侵略戦争を繰り返す、まさに、軍国主義国家であった。
軍内のキャリアシステムのせいで、全員無能化した軍内部の統制が効かなくなり、絶望的な亡国戦争に突入し、無様な敗戦にいたった。そして、米国の良識派や国内の反戦派の努力によって、戦後に訪れた稀有なチャンスを利用して、一時的に戦争がないという意味で平和な時代が訪れたものの、あの悪名高き軍国主義者の英雄「白洲次郎」等の画策によって、軍国主義勢力が政府・産業界の中枢を手放さず、現在、国際政治の間隙をついて、ついにほぼ復活に至ったのである。
あとは、TPPを口実とした、農地の法人所有の解禁等による大土地所有制の復活によって、農業を完全破壊すれば完成ということになりますが、果たして目論見通りに行くでしょうか?
この著者は、大変ユニークな論点を提示する優れた評論家であるが、時として、センセーショナリズムに走る傾向があって、根拠薄弱な主張をしてみたり、火力発電を擁護してみたり、コーク兄弟の偽情報に踊らされて二酸化炭素による温暖化を否定してみたりと、その信頼性を著しく損なうという弱点を有しているのは、まことに残念な点である。
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5つ星のうち5.0読み応えがあった2018年9月21日
形式: 単行本
著者は、この著書に情熱を傾けているのが分る(著者の本全てに言えるが)とにかく情報量が凄い。他の評論家の本に見受けられる表面をなぞるだけだったり、読者に対する不親切さや奥歯にモノが挟まったような曖昧さが無い。権力は腐敗するとは良く言ったものである。知性の欠片も無い権力者達(財閥、政治家他)が自己過信に陥って、都合良く他の権力者と縁故関係を結ぶ事により増々自己の権力を増大させていった。一般庶民の存在などあって無きが如きである。驚くべき自己過信、自己顕示欲で日本を私物化し尽くしてきた。反対に、異常なほど大人しい従順な一般庶民は、なす術も無く振り回されてきた。逆らう人間は、警察権力とヤクザを使って踏みつぶしてしまうとはいえ…。江戸時代、百姓一揆の首謀者だけでなくその家族までも磔にされたという。全く、日本に仏教は定着していたのだろうかと疑わざるを得ない。僧侶は見て見ぬ振りしていたのか?戦後、アメリカに日本を民主化してもらったというのも情けなすぎる。侵略に関しては、日本は自己過信して、列強の仲間入りをすべく欧米列強の植民地支配を真似たのだろう。結局、自己過信した長州や薩摩他の地方人(少なくとも洗練された都会人ではない)に振り回された挙句、多くの日本人を犠牲にする道を歩まねばならなかった。わずかに違和感を感じたのは、朝鮮や中国人を単に可哀想な被害者扱いにしてしまっている点である。いくら日本が侵略したといえ、今も、事有る毎に日本を強烈に叩きながらも日本を悉く利用しているのが中国、韓国である。いつまでも可哀想な被害者であることが都合が良いのである。日本は、良きにつけ悪しきにつけ他国に干渉するなかれである。たとえ日本の権力者の多くが悪人であるとしても、対外国に於いては悪人というより愚か者でしかなかった。真の悪人はアメリカという全く打算的な国である。日本軍は、一般の日本人を守った事は一度たりともないというのが心に残った。軍人のみならず財閥、政治家、官僚全て同じで、日本人を守るという意志が一切無かった。守るべきは天皇と、国家という空の箱であった。国民があってこその国という根本的な事が分って無いのだから、いかに日本が怖ろしいまでに遅れた国家であったかが分る。昭和天皇の、ストライキをする日本人は未熟である発言や、沖縄を継続して米軍の統治としてもらたい発言には驚いた。いずれにしても、戦前、戦中も、昭和天皇(皇室)を心底敬っている日本人など殆どいなかったというのが本当のところだろう。
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5つ星のうち5.0「戦争で儲けるのは誰か」を知ることで、「誰が何のために戦争を起こすのか」がよく分かる2017年5月21日
形式: 単行本
著者は1943年生まれのノンフィクション作家で、歴史、原発、災害など幅広いジャンルの多くの作品がある。著者はかつて、教科書には決して書かれない、近現代史の裏面史をまとめた三部作『持丸長者シリーズ』の『第一話:幕末・維新編』、『第二話:国家狂乱編』、『第三話:戦後復興編』を著わした。本書はこの三部作を分かり易く、短くし、また現在の視点からまとめ直したものである。明治の国家がいかにして誕生し、アジアや欧米に対して侵略・戦争を仕掛けて国を破滅させたのか、また戦後の復興がどのようにして遂げられたのかが良く分かる。著者の他の著作と同様に一貫しているのは、権力による理不尽な国民への横暴への怒りと平和への愛惜、そして今後の日本の行く末への危機感である。
国家はいかに「民主的」外見を装うとも、その本質は政治家・官僚・富豪(政官財)三位一体で、国民から金と命を収奪して自らの利権を肥やす機構に他ならない。現在ですらそうなのであるから、天皇制官僚主権国家の戦前の日本は、大っぴらに政官財複合体が利権を山分けする国家であった。本書はこの機構が「閨閥」(政官財有力者間の姻戚関係)という仕組みで動いていたことを多くの「閨閥図」(労作である!)で明らかにしている。本書の多くの図表を参照すると、近現代の多くの事件が実は人脈・金脈で繋がっていたことが実によく理解できる。戦争とは、「欧米諸国の外圧」とか、「国益保護」とか、耳触り良い(したがって国民をたぶらかし易い)理由で「起きる」のではない。政官財複合体が強欲に儲けるためにこそ「起こされる」のであることが本書でよく理解できる。
第一章「日本の財閥はどのように誕生したのか」では、財政能力が皆無だった明治政府が一部の豪商を政権に取り込み、彼らを国家財政の実務に役立てるとともに、莫大な利益(国民の財産)を彼らに提供することで、日本の「財閥」が生まれたことを明らかにしている。政治家・高級官僚と財閥間の姻戚関係は網の目のように込み入っていて、まさに彼らは利権を享有する一族であることが良く分かる。
第二章「明治・大正時代の産業の勃興」では、国家の絶大な支援で産業が勃興し、紡績業を中心に財閥がますます成長したこと、軍事力強化により、財閥と密接な関係を持つ軍閥も生まれたことを説く。政官財複合体が実質的には軍産複合体化したのである。
第三章「朝鮮侵略・満州侵略の歴史」と第四章「満鉄設立とアジア侵略」では、満鉄があたかも「民営化された政府」であるかのように、アジア侵略の中心機構として肥大化する過程を追う。軍産複合体の暴利とは裏腹に、一般国民の窮乏化が進む。これに対する青年将校達の絶望的抵抗が二・二六事件に代表されるテロ事件であったことを説く。
第五章「最終絶滅戦争に至った経過」では、満州国で先行実施された全体主義国家化が日本にも持ち込まれ、最終戦争に突入する過程が説かれる。ここでも軍産複合体が戦争を動かし、財閥が軍需産業に投資して得た利益が膨大だったことが明らかにされる。また通信社と新聞社が軍産複合体の宣伝部と化していたことが指摘される。
第六章「敗戦直後の日本の改革と日本国憲法」と第七章「戦後の工業・経済復興」では、アメリカの占領下での改革後、工業・経済復興は復興したものの、水俣病に代表される公害の蔓延に加えて、旧財閥が実質的に復活したことが説かれる。
以上要約したように本書の歴史観は、「司馬史観」の脳天気な「明治は良かったが、軍部の暗躍で昭和だけが悪くなった」という見方とは全く異なる。明治維新という軍事クーデターで生まれた明治政府そのものが、国民の財産を収奪して財閥を誕生させたのであり、その後の日本は政官財複合体の濃密な閨閥関係に基づく人脈・金脈で、彼らの利権を肥やすために政治が動かされてきたのである。アジア侵略や戦争は彼らの利権と密接に関連していると考えることで、近現代史の多くの謎を解くことができる。
明治初期に長州藩士たちが作った政官財複合体は過去の話ではない。現在の安倍首相が長州出身であり、その強引で全体主義的な政治手法、近隣諸国との対立を引き起こす歴史観、森友問題や加計学園問題に象徴される金権体質(国民の財産を一部に格安提供する)は、本書が詳しく説いた政官財複合体そのものである。このような政権が続けば国を滅ぼすことは歴史が教えている。現在進行中の政治社会経済事象を観察することでその本書の意味が一層深く理解できるとともに、何を為すべきかのヒントも本書が提供している。
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mononcle
5つ星のうち5.0国会図書館に眠る手付かずの資料調査から立ち上がる日本の人脈と金脈。異様な事実に刮目を。2016年11月24日
形式: 単行本Amazonで購入
読書人が一驚した「赤い楯」出版から早四半世紀。
以降「巨大財閥」を軸に近現代史を読み解くという手法はロシア・東欧・アメリカの深部にメスを入れ良書を発表し続けてきた。
そして2007年、広瀬氏は満を持して日本の財閥形成史を編み上げた「持丸長者三部作」を上梓。
だが広瀬隆にはもう一つの代表作がある。こちらの方が有名かもしれない。チェルノブイリ原発事故後の講演を記録した「危険な話」である。
「地球を回すのは一握りの財閥である」 このテーゼの中に原子力発電所もあるのだが、これが2011年3月11日未曾有の大爆発を引き起こす。
再び広瀬氏は日本国中を講演で走り回ることになる。被曝への不安、食物連鎖への恐怖などで集まった聴衆に、氏は時に強い言葉で糾弾する。
何故東電は傍若無人であり続けられるのか?
その答えが本書にある。
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2018年2月12日コメント 違反を報告
広瀬氏の論拠は深く、相変わらず凄いの一言、右翼筋から難癖やいちゃもんをつけたい所を、歴史的に丹念に読み解き、人脈と金脈をあぶりだしている。近現代の裏面史で知らなかった所も多かった。
570頁になる本書は長く、読むのにも飛び飛びで4日もかかってしまい、老い先短い著者が、若い人に向けた遺言(メッセージ)と思われる書ではないかとも思う程、メッセージ性が強い書きっぷりであった。
広瀬家族が1944年に東京空襲を避けて疎開した朝鮮から、敗戦で2歳の彼が母親に背負われて帰国したことは初めて知った。余りにも多くのことが書かれているので、個々に印象に残った所だけ、箇条書き的に記しておく。
目次と論点は以下、
第1章 日本の財閥はどのように誕生したのか。・維新の勝敗は、最強の最新軍事力を持った佐賀藩の寝返りであるという。松平春嶽の号は、安政の大獄での霊岸島に幽閉されたことによる。明治の元号も春嶽が決めた。・M5年12月3日を新暦でM6年1月1日とした。・松方正義は鹿児島第1位の資産家、子だくさん。・静岡の県名は駿河府中藩が不忠に通じるとされ明治政府に恭順を示す為に改名、M9年8月5日に秩禄処分として家禄・賞典禄を廃止、・M6年3月25日に藩債帳消しで商人没落者多と米本位制崩壊、・長州ファイブの留学費用も岩崎弥太郎の借金も、最後は明治政府が肩代わりで外国に支払い、国民の財産を食い物にする背任横領。
第2章 明治・大正時代の産業の勃興、・釜山の対馬屋敷が徳川時代唯一の在外公館。
第3章 朝鮮侵略・満州侵略の歴史、。・三浦梧楼と安達謙蔵の閔妃暗殺は日本で形式的投獄後に無罪放免で朝鮮の滞日感情悪化。尾崎三良が讒謗律、新聞紙条例など作成(五爵案の起草者)。井上毅は教育勅語作成(尾崎も加わる)。・不平等条約を日本が朝鮮に施行し、更に過酷な朝鮮支配へ。・朝鮮での鉄道管理局長(京釜鉄道総裁)に古市公威(姫路)。・韓国ドラマ「済衆院(チェジュンウオン)」に高宗の強制退位シーンなど。・台湾総督の児玉源太郎、民政長官の後藤新平の過酷な台湾人支配と3万2千人の処刑。
第4章 満鉄を設立して大々的なアジア侵略に踏み出す、・満鉄は①満州の植民地化、②朝鮮の植民地化、③私鉄国有化、④1906年に満鉄創設(後藤新平が初代総裁)。・満州馬賊は現地の自衛団で山賊・盗賊扱い、・満州にわたる人を大陸浪人と嘲弄。・日露戦争の戦費は大半が米英の外債。・ネール(インド)の日露戦争観は、「飢えた狼をもう一匹増やしただけ」。・対華21か条の要求で反日感情は決定的悪化、大隈と福澤は晩節を汚した。・松本君平の普通選挙運動(25歳以上男子のみ)と治安維持法はセットで成立。・原発を廃止できない構造と軍需産業の類似性。・関東大震災時の警視庁主事の正力松太郎の行動が朝鮮人虐殺等に。・統帥権が軍部独裁になる怖さ。
第5章 最終絶滅戦争に至った経過、・満鉄調査部は伝説があるが、極めて国粋主義的で木を見て森を見ない発想集団。・国家総動員法は何でもできる体制、憲法より上位法的、吉野信次と風見章が作案。・労働組合は「大日本産業報国会」に。・大政翼賛会が1940年10月12日に発足、紀元2600年奉祝会長に近衛文麿が朝鮮・台湾・北京でも実施。・宮崎に八紘一宇思想の記念碑が建立、現在も「平和の塔」と看板を架け替えただけのものが存続?。近衛文麿が行なおうとしたこと①資本主義と議会主義の破壊、②全体主義的国家体制造り、③軍事力によって欧米アジア進出の阻止で喝采を浴びる。④天皇の統治による愛国的思想の拡大。・明治政府による二宮金次郎の思想実践の利用。
第6章 敗戦直後の日本の改革と日本国憲法、・日本郵船会長有吉義弥の「占領下の日本海運 ー終戦から講和発効までの海運側面史」(国際海運新聞社)に、海軍や陸軍によって徴用され死んでいった多くの船員たちの記録で、戦後引き上げ者の海上輸送に全面的に協力している。・731部隊の真実を、常石敬一著「医学者たちの組織犯罪」朝日新聞社)で紹介。戦後外地から軍人を優先して引き上げ、一般人を見殺しにした軍隊・軍人の「武士道」なるもののいかがわしさ。・民主主義を理解しなかった白洲次郎の犯罪的役割、吉田茂と一体。
第7章 戦後の工業・経済復興はどのようにおこなわれたのか、・1950年に、国会承認なしで吉田首相が、朝鮮海域への海上保安庁の特別掃海艇(隊)46隻の派遣と機雷掃蕩活動の実施は現在の集団的自衛権の行使と類似。・昭和天皇は1947年に沖縄・琉球諸島の米軍の継続統治を希望する発言があった。・戦後の三大事件(下山、三鷹、松川)の謀略性とレッドパージで704人が追放。NHKの柳澤恭雄も。・戦前の足尾銅山公害事件、戦後暴露された、水俣病・チッソ、イタイイタイ病の神岡鉱山、阿賀野川水銀・昭和電工、四日市喘息、等を取り上げて、公害の主犯企業は全て認めようとしない体質、被害者・支援者の長年の闘いによって、はじめて今日の改善に至っていることが判る。歴史の教科書副読本にしたい書である。
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この本は571ページある大書で斜め読みのできない全て重要な情報の詰まった本です。広瀬さんは原発で有名な方ですが、実は本当の優れた仕事は戦争を防ぐ反戦に関わる書物です。最初に書いたクラウゼヴィッツの暗号文を始め、赤い楯、持丸長者、文明開化は長崎からに流れる一貫した主張は一部の大富豪と軍国主義者が金儲けのために戦争を作り出し人類を地獄へたたき込み市民から幸せを奪った。それを防ぐには市民一人一人が戦争屋にだまされて兵士にされず、大富豪のデマを見抜き政治を変える抗議に立ち上がるしかない。もし何も考えないでただ軍国主義者と三井三菱などの財閥の手先に利用されるなら、再び身ぐるみ剥がれて地獄を味わうことになる。
日本人の常識がまずこの書物に書かれている事実から始まらなければ、この先の日本人の未来は1945年8月15日の敗戦焦土よりもっと悲惨なものになるでしょう。
この本を読破するのは日本人の義務だと思う。以下本文より一部抜粋。
明治維新後に明治政府の首謀者たち(木戸孝充、山縣有朋、伊藤博文、井上馨、松方正義など)が自分たちを美化し脚色した記録を元に後世の膨大な物書き(司馬遼太郎など)がこれを事実として描き歴史事実として固定化し映画とドラマが、それをその通りに描き、それが日本の近代史であると大嘘を教え、そのため日本人は全く無駄な名前の数々を頭にたたき込まれてきた。維新の志士を英傑と祭り上げるストーリーが明治以後の戦争を起こした。
吉田松陰は朝鮮半島は日本の領土であると唱え、松下村塾で「朝鮮、満州、台湾、琉球、中国、フィリピンを手中に収めて日本を豊かにせよと」門下生に説いた。1855年に松陰が獄中から兄に送った「獄是帳」には「取り易き(侵略しやすい)朝鮮満州支那を切りしたがえ」と露骨にアジア侵略を煽動した。松陰は狂気のアジア侵略論者であり、門下生の井上馨、伊藤博文、山縣有朋などが侵略を実行した。
日本は徳川幕府の時代260年間外国を侵略したことは一度もなく朝鮮や中国に対しても礼を尽くし尊重した関係を維持していた。これを朝鮮や中国は日本より下であり、奴隷にして強盗し戦争しろといったのが吉田松陰であり維新の志士と名乗る強盗泥棒殺人集団たちだった。吉田松陰は江戸時代に仏教、儒教、神道が並立してきた歴史を破壊し、神道だけが唯一の道だと強制し、明治の廃仏毀釈により国宝級の歴史遺産を破壊した。
天皇家が神道という嘘をでっち上げたのも吉田松陰などの国学者。奈良の東大寺という仏教の寺を作ったのは聖武天皇だというのは誰でも知っている事実。
薩長藩閥政府とは何だったのか?
戊辰戦争から太平洋戦争敗戦まで、戦争を繰り返し、人殺しと泥棒によって自分たちの私利私欲を拡大し財産をため込み好き放題やってきた一部のファミリー。
最初は江戸の大名屋敷を強奪し、歴史的価値のある芸術品を売り払い壊し、次に官営工場を国税で作り、それをただ同然で岩崎弥太郎(三菱)三井に払い下げた。
日本の財閥というのは国民の財産を強奪してのし上がった、その強奪方法を詳細に広瀬さんは追求しています。三井、三菱、住友、安田、藤田。
大阪の豪商たちが維新政府に協力せず江戸幕府を支援したため、廃藩置県で全部維新政府につぶされたからくり。廃藩置県とは「明治維新の25年前以前の大名貸し借金を全部帳消しにする」というのが本来の目的で、それによって大名に多額の金を貸していた大阪の豪商たちが破産に追い込まれた。長州藩、薩摩藩、土佐藩もこれで借金を踏み倒した。
そうやって自分たちの使い込んだ借金は踏み倒し、新しく作る会社は国税を使い、利益を生むようになれば無償で払い下げ、自分たちの懐へ入れる。そして朝鮮や中国まで強盗に出て行き、戦争で軍需会社を経営して私利私欲を太らせる、1945年の日本敗戦時に、こうやってため込んだ財閥ファミリーの財産は日本の50%を締めていたという。欲しがりません勝つまではと国民に強制しながら、どこまでも欲しがり続けて人殺しでも強盗でもなんでもする集団が日本にはいて、そういう人々が今でも権力を握っている。
ドイツでは至る所にナチス時代の悪行を記録し目に見えるように展示している、ところが日本では国をあげて戦争犯罪の悪事を美化しようとし、日本人が犯した罪業を語れば「自虐史観」といい歴史から逃亡し嘘を持って書き換え目を背ける。そういう人間が総理大臣、文部科学大臣、有象無象の評論家たちを筆頭にいつまでも徘徊している。
戦争中に日本が国全体で犯した過去の悪行を後年の世代が讃えるようでは、全くの同罪で人格を問われる。
明治維新以降、維新の志士と名乗る殺人と強盗に秀でた軍国主義戦争集団たちが日本を支配し、特高警察、治安維持法、天皇制恐怖政治で民主主義を押さえ込み、一億火の玉の軍国日本人を作り、アジア各国へ戦争をしかけ、地獄を見せた。しかしそこから日本国憲法を日本人自身の手によって作りだし、戦後の民主主義と戦争のない時代を作った。
今また長州軍国主義者の末裔である安倍晋三たちが強盗殺人戦争国家への道へ戻そうとしている時に、日本の近現代史で、こういう軍国主義戦争大好き強欲維新の志士ファミリーたちが何をしてきたかを知るのはとても大切です。
もし文明開化は明治維新政府がやったなどというガセ情報に洗脳されているようでは再び一銭五厘の赤紙で徴兵され軍国主義者の金儲けのために侵略兵士にされること間違いなしです。テロ防止とかいうけど一番テロを実行してきたのは維新の志士とか日本軍です。満州事変、226、515、生麦事件。日本人は戦争を嫌い暴力を好まない、江戸時代の生活には吉田松陰みたいな狂信的侵略者は入り込む余地はない。
日本の近現代史で日本軍が日本国民の命を守ったことはなく、日本軍は自分たちが助かるために住民を自決に追い込んだり、満州に老人、女性、子どもたちを置き去りにして、真っ先に逃げて帰っただけです。軍人に守ってもらおうなんて考えてたら地獄みるかも知れません。
日本人の常識がまずこの書物に書かれている事実から始まらなければ、この先の日本人の未来は1945年8月15日の敗戦焦土よりもっと悲惨なものになるでしょう。
この本を読破するのは日本人の義務だと思う。以下本文より一部抜粋。
明治維新後に明治政府の首謀者たち(木戸孝充、山縣有朋、伊藤博文、井上馨、松方正義など)が自分たちを美化し脚色した記録を元に後世の膨大な物書き(司馬遼太郎など)がこれを事実として描き歴史事実として固定化し映画とドラマが、それをその通りに描き、それが日本の近代史であると大嘘を教え、そのため日本人は全く無駄な名前の数々を頭にたたき込まれてきた。維新の志士を英傑と祭り上げるストーリーが明治以後の戦争を起こした。
吉田松陰は朝鮮半島は日本の領土であると唱え、松下村塾で「朝鮮、満州、台湾、琉球、中国、フィリピンを手中に収めて日本を豊かにせよと」門下生に説いた。1855年に松陰が獄中から兄に送った「獄是帳」には「取り易き(侵略しやすい)朝鮮満州支那を切りしたがえ」と露骨にアジア侵略を煽動した。松陰は狂気のアジア侵略論者であり、門下生の井上馨、伊藤博文、山縣有朋などが侵略を実行した。
日本は徳川幕府の時代260年間外国を侵略したことは一度もなく朝鮮や中国に対しても礼を尽くし尊重した関係を維持していた。これを朝鮮や中国は日本より下であり、奴隷にして強盗し戦争しろといったのが吉田松陰であり維新の志士と名乗る強盗泥棒殺人集団たちだった。吉田松陰は江戸時代に仏教、儒教、神道が並立してきた歴史を破壊し、神道だけが唯一の道だと強制し、明治の廃仏毀釈により国宝級の歴史遺産を破壊した。
天皇家が神道という嘘をでっち上げたのも吉田松陰などの国学者。奈良の東大寺という仏教の寺を作ったのは聖武天皇だというのは誰でも知っている事実。
薩長藩閥政府とは何だったのか?
戊辰戦争から太平洋戦争敗戦まで、戦争を繰り返し、人殺しと泥棒によって自分たちの私利私欲を拡大し財産をため込み好き放題やってきた一部のファミリー。
最初は江戸の大名屋敷を強奪し、歴史的価値のある芸術品を売り払い壊し、次に官営工場を国税で作り、それをただ同然で岩崎弥太郎(三菱)三井に払い下げた。
日本の財閥というのは国民の財産を強奪してのし上がった、その強奪方法を詳細に広瀬さんは追求しています。三井、三菱、住友、安田、藤田。
大阪の豪商たちが維新政府に協力せず江戸幕府を支援したため、廃藩置県で全部維新政府につぶされたからくり。廃藩置県とは「明治維新の25年前以前の大名貸し借金を全部帳消しにする」というのが本来の目的で、それによって大名に多額の金を貸していた大阪の豪商たちが破産に追い込まれた。長州藩、薩摩藩、土佐藩もこれで借金を踏み倒した。
そうやって自分たちの使い込んだ借金は踏み倒し、新しく作る会社は国税を使い、利益を生むようになれば無償で払い下げ、自分たちの懐へ入れる。そして朝鮮や中国まで強盗に出て行き、戦争で軍需会社を経営して私利私欲を太らせる、1945年の日本敗戦時に、こうやってため込んだ財閥ファミリーの財産は日本の50%を締めていたという。欲しがりません勝つまではと国民に強制しながら、どこまでも欲しがり続けて人殺しでも強盗でもなんでもする集団が日本にはいて、そういう人々が今でも権力を握っている。
ドイツでは至る所にナチス時代の悪行を記録し目に見えるように展示している、ところが日本では国をあげて戦争犯罪の悪事を美化しようとし、日本人が犯した罪業を語れば「自虐史観」といい歴史から逃亡し嘘を持って書き換え目を背ける。そういう人間が総理大臣、文部科学大臣、有象無象の評論家たちを筆頭にいつまでも徘徊している。
戦争中に日本が国全体で犯した過去の悪行を後年の世代が讃えるようでは、全くの同罪で人格を問われる。
明治維新以降、維新の志士と名乗る殺人と強盗に秀でた軍国主義戦争集団たちが日本を支配し、特高警察、治安維持法、天皇制恐怖政治で民主主義を押さえ込み、一億火の玉の軍国日本人を作り、アジア各国へ戦争をしかけ、地獄を見せた。しかしそこから日本国憲法を日本人自身の手によって作りだし、戦後の民主主義と戦争のない時代を作った。
今また長州軍国主義者の末裔である安倍晋三たちが強盗殺人戦争国家への道へ戻そうとしている時に、日本の近現代史で、こういう軍国主義戦争大好き強欲維新の志士ファミリーたちが何をしてきたかを知るのはとても大切です。
もし文明開化は明治維新政府がやったなどというガセ情報に洗脳されているようでは再び一銭五厘の赤紙で徴兵され軍国主義者の金儲けのために侵略兵士にされること間違いなしです。テロ防止とかいうけど一番テロを実行してきたのは維新の志士とか日本軍です。満州事変、226、515、生麦事件。日本人は戦争を嫌い暴力を好まない、江戸時代の生活には吉田松陰みたいな狂信的侵略者は入り込む余地はない。
日本の近現代史で日本軍が日本国民の命を守ったことはなく、日本軍は自分たちが助かるために住民を自決に追い込んだり、満州に老人、女性、子どもたちを置き去りにして、真っ先に逃げて帰っただけです。軍人に守ってもらおうなんて考えてたら地獄みるかも知れません。
2017年1月5日
日本の近代化と世界帝国主義の衰退に世界恐慌が重なって生きるために(勢力圏を広げないと生き抜けない環境)四苦八苦した日本の苦境と、本国は遠くにあって植民地しか損害受けてない列強との関係には何ら触れず日本が一方的且つ好き勝手に戦争を起こしたが如く描写してるのには失笑を通り越してドン引きしましたよ。
もっと大きな影響(自然環境や社会変革)を蒙った歴史を無視して人脈金脈だけで説明しようと試みること自体が無謀であり悪意すら感じます。
こんなのは歴史の極一部でしかないことを誰よりも著者に認識して欲しいものです。
もっと大きな影響(自然環境や社会変革)を蒙った歴史を無視して人脈金脈だけで説明しようと試みること自体が無謀であり悪意すら感じます。
こんなのは歴史の極一部でしかないことを誰よりも著者に認識して欲しいものです。
2017年2月28日
読ませていただきました。太田龍氏や鬼塚氏そして、バーガミニ「天皇の陰謀」などに比べると・・・とても薄っぺらな内容に思います。
孝明天皇暗殺皇太子暗殺・・明治天皇なりすまし「大室寅之助」に触れないで、日本の近代史は書けないはずです。
世界に事実として、アシュケーナジユダヤにも触れていないのもご自分の地位を心配しているのでしょうか?多布施システムの話にも一切
触れない。縄文時代の優れた文化や神代文字にも触れない。800年間縄文人が稲を食べた真実にも触れない。5000年間朝鮮半島には人類が
存在していない科学的事実にも触れない。アメリカやヨーロッパの学者が認めている・・・縄文人の世界的移動にも触れていない。
がっかりです!!
孝明天皇暗殺皇太子暗殺・・明治天皇なりすまし「大室寅之助」に触れないで、日本の近代史は書けないはずです。
世界に事実として、アシュケーナジユダヤにも触れていないのもご自分の地位を心配しているのでしょうか?多布施システムの話にも一切
触れない。縄文時代の優れた文化や神代文字にも触れない。800年間縄文人が稲を食べた真実にも触れない。5000年間朝鮮半島には人類が
存在していない科学的事実にも触れない。アメリカやヨーロッパの学者が認めている・・・縄文人の世界的移動にも触れていない。
がっかりです!!
16人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています
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